For Environmental control ,in particular  for Air, Water and sound, In India we have Government managed agency namely " Environment Pollution control Board " . This is managed in states as well as  in  central. This agency take action and responsible to control the environmental pollution. 

In concerned with food, Government formed a agency namely ' Food Safety and Standards Authority of India ( FSSAI ). Every food item must maintain fssai  standard. Otherwise may face serious consequences. This apply for food complaints control also. 

That's a broad question, and the answer not only varies across countries but within countries. In the US, for example, food complaints can be directed to the Food and Drug Administration, but so does the Food Inspection Service, and you can use the federal website Foodsafety.gov to report food safety concerns. In the US, individual states also have agencies that address food safety (e.g., in New Hampshire, the Department of Health and Human Services; in California, the Department of Public Health; in Rhode Island, the Department of Health).  This website shows the agencies for those reports in each state: http://www.foodsafetynews.com/find-your-health-department-to-report-food-poisoning/#.VuCS2uYWfBY

The same applies for environmental issues in the US.  Those complaints can be files with the US EPA, or state regulatory agencies.  In the US, there are also private environmental agencies that handle and respond to those reports as well (e.g., the National Resource Defense Council), some of which also monitor environmental problems "privately" (e.g., the Water Keepers Alliance).

Procedures different by agency, state and across private organizations, so there is no useful general answer for this question in the US.

That's a broad question, and the answer not only varies across countries but within countries. In the US, for example, food complaints can be directed to the Food and Drug Administration, but so does the Food Inspection Service, and you can use the federal website Foodsafety.gov to report food safety concerns. In the US, individual states also have agencies that address food safety (e.g., in New Hampshire, the Department of Health and Human Services; in California, the Department of Public Health; in Rhode Island, the Department of Health).  This website shows the agencies for those reports in each state: http://www.foodsafetynews.com/find-your-health-department-to-report-food-poisoning/#.VuCS2uYWfBY

The same applies for environmental issues in the US.  Those complaints can be files with the US EPA, or state regulatory agencies.  In the US, there are also private environmental agencies that handle and respond to those reports as well (e.g., the National Resource Defense Council), some of which also monitor environmental problems "privately" (e.g., the Water Keepers Alliance).

Procedures different by agency, state and across private organizations, so there is no useful general answer for this question in the US.

I agree with Michael J Lynch and would also say that the same would apply to countries within the EU.This question can only be answered by reference to a particular jurisdiction.

In the UK the answer will also be dependent on the nature of the complaint. For food complaints either the trading standards department or environmental health departments will deal with it but which department depends on the nature of the complaint. Note that these departments will normally not be part of the same local authority as, except for cities and other "unitary authorities" , trading standards are based in county councils but environmental health are in district councils. It is very complex.

Even worse is the situation with respect to environmental complaints. There is a central Environment Agency in England and Wales but Scotland and Northern Ireland have their own central regulator and the Welsh EA is devolved to some extent.These bodies deal with permitting of major industrial processes and theoretically should deal with complaints about the processes they oversee. In practice many such complaints along with complaints about odor, noise etc from smaller processes and from domestic premises will be dealt with by the environmental health department in the district council, at least in the first instance.

Environmental health deal with statutory nuisances but for proceses holding any environmental permit they may not apply statutory nuisance laws without the permission of central government.

The local authority also issues permits for some industrial processes either for air pollution issues only (part B  proceses) and some for all aspects of environmental releases (part A2). Again it is very complex and cannot really be dealt with in a question such as this. If you are interested in following this up further you need to read a good basic environmental law textbook based on UK law. Try Ball and Bell.

Food complaints can vary. it could be insufficient supply, it can be quality of handling food, can be quality of raw materials for a food processing plant or a large kitchen, can relate to variety, it can be related to imported or export foods, it can be related to food poisoning and the list goes on.

if there is a food complaint it is better to first establish the nature of complaint and then work with relevant authorities both local and national in the food industries to address the issue.