Does the entropy of the universe increase with time and why is entropy increasing while the total amount of energy of the universe is constant?

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Himanshu Tiwari

Respected Sir

Rk Naresh

The increase in entropy of the universe over time is a fundamental concept in thermodynamics and cosmology, closely tied to the second law of thermodynamics. This increase in entropy occurs despite the total energy of the universe remaining constant (or more precisely, the total energy being conserved). Let's break down these concepts:

Entropy Increase in the Universe: The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of an isolated system tends to increase over time. Entropy can be understood as a measure of the disorder or randomness of a system. In the context of the universe, entropy is closely related to the number of microstates (or microscopic configurations) that correspond to a given macrostate (or observed state).As the universe evolves, various processes occur that contribute to an increase in entropy: Cosmic Expansion: The universe is expanding over time, leading to an increase in the volume of space. This expansion results in a decrease in density and concentration of matter and energy. According to thermodynamics, an increase in volume (while keeping energy constant) corresponds to an increase in entropy. Energy Transformations and Heat Dissipation: Energy within the universe tends to disperse and spread out. As energy transforms from one form to another (e.g., from concentrated sources like stars to more diffuse radiation), the dispersal of energy increases entropy. Heat dissipation and energy spreading out lead to increased randomness and disorder, hence an increase in entropy.

Constant Total Energy of the Universe: While the total energy of the universe (including matter, radiation, and dark energy) is conserved, the distribution and transformation of this energy contribute to processes that increase entropy: Energy can change forms: from kinetic energy of particles to radiation (heat), from potential energy of gravitational fields to kinetic energy during cosmic expansion, etc. Each transformation tends to increase the overall disorder or randomness of the system, thus increasing entropy. The universe's net energy being zero (where positive energy from matter and radiation is balanced by negative gravitational potential energy) doesn't prevent local decreases in entropy (like stars forming from molecular gas.)

Dr Himanshu Tiwari thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Murtadha Shukur

Yes, according to the second law of thermodynamics, the entropy of the universe tends to increase over time. This might seem counterintuitive because entropy is often associated with disorder, and the universe seems to have structures like galaxies and stars. Here's the breakdown:

Entropy and Disorder: Entropy isn't just about physical disorder; it's a measure of the unusable energy in a system. Think of hot coffee. When it's hot, the energy is concentrated and can be used to do work (like heat something else). As it cools, the energy spreads out, becoming less usable. Entropy increases as usable energy becomes less available.
Why Entropy Increases: The second law basically says that isolated systems (like the universe) tend towards randomness or increased entropy. Imagine a box with sorted gas molecules on one side and empty space on the other. Over time, the gas will spread out, becoming more disordered and increasing entropy. Even though the total number of gas molecules stays the same, their organized state is less likely in the long run.
Constant Energy: You're right, the total energy in the universe is thought to be constant. This doesn't contradict the increasing entropy because energy isn't destroyed, just transformed into less usable forms. For example, stars use nuclear fusion to release usable energy, but as they age, that energy gets radiated out as heat, spreading out and becoming less usable.

Here's an analogy: Imagine a perfectly smooth, freshly paved road. Over time, cracks will appear, and the smooth surface will become more random and uneven. The total amount of paving material (energy) stays the same, but its usefulness (usable energy) decreases.

Dr Murtadha Shukur thank you for your contribution to the discussion