CuCl does Not react with HCl at high temperature whereas CuCl2 does to Form CuCl3- followed by CuCl4-.
CuCl2 reacts with HCl or other chloride sources to form complex ions: the red CuCl3− (it is a dimer in reality, Cu2Cl62−, a couple of tetrahedrons that share an edge), and the green or yellow CuCl42−.
CuCl2 + Cl− = CuCl−3
CuCl2 + 2Cl− =CuCl2−4
Some of these complexes can be crystallized from aqueous solution, and they adopt a wide variety of structures.
CuCl has its own cycle: is one of the prominent thermochemical cycles under development within the Generation IV International Forum (GIF). Through GIF, over a dozen countries around the world are developing the next generation of nuclear reactors for highly efficient production of both electricity and hydrogen.
The four reactions in the Cu–Cl cycle are listed as follows:
2 Cu + 2 HCl(g) → 2 CuCl(l) + H2(g) (430–475 °C)
2 CuCl2 + H2O(g) → Cu2OCl2 + 2 HCl(g) (400 °C)
2 Cu2OCl2 → 4 CuCl + O2(g) (500 °C)
2 CuCl → CuCl2(aq) + Cu (ambient-temperature electrolysis)
Net reaction: 2 H2O → 2 H2 + O2
Legend: (g)—gas; (l)—liquid;(aq)—aqueous solution; the balance of the species are in a solid phase. Atomic Energy of Canada Limited has demonstrated experimentally a CuCl electrolyzer in which hydrogen is produced electrolytically at the cathode and Cu(I) is oxidized to Cu(II) at the anode, thereby combining above steps 1 and 4 to eliminate the intermediate production and subsequent transport of solid copper.
Approximately 50% of the heat required to drive this reaction can be captured from the reaction itself.[citation needed] The other heat can be provided by any suitable process. Recent research has focused on a cogeneration scheme using the waste heat from nuclear reactors, specifically the CANDU supercritical water reactor.
Lewis, M. and Masin, J., "An Assessment of the Efficiency of the Hybrid Copper-Chloride Thermochemical Cycle", Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, 2 November 2005. (PDF).
Naterer, G. F.; et al. (2009). "Recent Canadian Advances in Nuclear-Based Hydrogen Production and the Thermochemical Cu-Cl Cycle". International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 34 (7): 2901–2917. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.01.090.