A clear answer: there is no polymeric material to cover all properties and benefits of PTFE. Especially, to be inert against most chemicals and environmental influence, the extreme heat resistance, its lubricating effect, cannot be equalled by just one other polymer. One must decide case by case which substance could at least partially substitute PTFE.
You are entering the area of higher priced plastics, and you may need special technical processing equipment. And it´s important wether 150 °C is a "momentary" or "constant" working temperature. Some polyamides can be used up to 150 °C, at least for some time.
Here is a list of plastics applicable at T > 150 °C:
"3. high temperature plastics (high temperature thermoplastics)
High-temperature plastics or high-performance plastics are mainly thermoplastics with high heat resistance, i.e. high strength properties above 150°C or basic strengths that are unexpectedly high for plastics due to special order structures. These include, for example, high-performance plastics such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherketone (PEK), thermoplastic polyimides (TPI), polysulfone (PSU), polyethersulfone (PES), polyphenylenesulfone (PPSU), polyphenylenesulfide (PPS). As expected, the high-temperature plastics listed are relatively expensive and may also require special equipment for the processing machines (due to high processing temperatures). Fiber reinforcing materials and other additives are often added to further improve their mechanical and thermal properties.