My wife and I worked for a half-century under the Philippine Dept of Education to promote literacy and bilingual ed among the Agta people, an egalitarian “immediate-return” hunter-gatherer population. I suggest you read chapter 4 in my 2002 book. Here is the reference:
Headland, Thomas N. 2002. “Why Southeast Asian Negritos are a Disappearing People.” In T. Headland & D. Blood (eds.), *What Place for Hunter-Gatherers in Millennium Three?* Pp. 25-39. Dallas: SIL, and Int’l Museum of Cultures. [Foreword by Alan Barnard].
If you send me your email offline I can send you a PDF copy of that chapter.
Khaliq gave you some very good advice. You might also wish to look at the University of Aberdeen -- I believe that they have several past and present lecturers with this type of experience. And perhaps Tim Ingold would be a useful person to liaise with.
You might also try Demps et al. 2012 The Selective Persistence of Local Ecological Knowledge: Honey Collecting with the Jenu Kuruba in South India, Human Ecology 40(3):
Michael Alvard has some ideas about the adaptive nature of culture, especially in the context of learning. He differentiates between trial and error learning and observational learning, and discusses implications of each.
Alvard, Michael S. "The adaptive nature of culture." Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 12.3 (2003): 136-149.
Jane Christian and Peter M. Gardner. The Individual in Northern Dene Thought and Communication. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada. 1977. (we were both looking at teaching)
Dasa, While broader in its scope, have you read any of Vine Deloria Jr's work? Look especially at the book, Sprit and Reason, which is a collection of articles of varioius topics, including indigenous ways of knowing. (Fulcrum Publishing, 1999).