I am working with a model provided by the Lancaster Environment Centre and am looking for real-world instances. The model (I apologise for not providing the mathematical basis on here, however I have not been told the formulae used to ascertain the model) looks at the relative proportions of resistant and susceptible organisms in a fictitious population that would develop across 500 generations depending on:
1) the severity of disease (%);
2) the frequency of the disease within the population (%);
3) the cost of resistance (%).
Does anyone know of any plant species that do have a changing cost of resistance across generations?
Any help provided is greatly appreciated
Matthew
Dear Matthew,
Please find attached two interesting papers that may help you with the issue:
Vila-Aiub et al. (2009): 'Fitness costs associated with evolved herbicide resistance alleles in plants'
Vila-Aiub and Roux (2011): 'A unified approach to the estimation and interpretation of resistance costs in plants'
Best Wishes
Our article published in peer-reviewed Journal "Communicative & Integrative Biology". A few major points discussed in the paper:
(1) Brain is not the source of consciousness.
(2) Consciousness is ubiquitous in all living organisms, starting from bacteria to human beings.
(3) The individual cells in the multicellular organisms are also individually cognitive entities.
(4) Proposals like “artificial life”, “artificial intelligence”, “sentient machines” and so on are only fairytales because no designer can produce an artifact with the properties like internal teleology (Naturzweck) and formative force (bildende Kraft).
(5) The material origin of life and objective evolution are only misconceptions that biologists must overcome.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19420889.2015.1085138
Hi Bhakti,
Thank you for posting your paper, however I am not sure it is relevant in this instance.
Matthew
Wheat and poplars are a good start. Going more into the costs issue: perhaps thinking about your question in a tolerance-resistance framework might help. These papers could be useful.
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v377/n6549/abs/377517a0.html
http://www.jstor.org/stable/30033871?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/364/1513/27.short
http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1554/0014-3820%282001%29055%5B1002%3ADAISSA%5D2.0.CO%3B2
Thank you very much for your contribution Felipe! Very much appreciated. Particularly the third one was very useful!
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