A bit broad question, isn't it? Whole books have been written on this topic. Be more specific. But to give a similarly general answer: there are basically two approaches: bottom up (i.e. buliding the nanoparticles form atoms/ions/molecules by combining them - it is chemistry) and top down, whre we try to break down bulk materials into the nano dimension by physical or physico-chemical methods.
A bit broad question, isn't it? Whole books have been written on this topic. Be more specific. But to give a similarly general answer: there are basically two approaches: bottom up (i.e. buliding the nanoparticles form atoms/ions/molecules by combining them - it is chemistry) and top down, whre we try to break down bulk materials into the nano dimension by physical or physico-chemical methods.