This link is useful to provide some answers.  It required WW1 to bring about these innovations in medicine and related disciplines.  "The wounds inflicted on millions of soldiers drove the development of new medical techniques and inventions.

Giving and storing blood

The British Army began the routine use of blood transfusion in treating wounded soldiers. Blood was transferred directly from one person to another. But it was a US Army doctor, Captain Oswald Robertson, who realised the need to stockpile blood before casualties arrived. He established the first blood bank on the Western Front in 1917, using sodium citrate to prevent the blood from coagulating and becoming unusable. Blood was kept on ice for up to 28 days and then transported to casualty clearing stations for use in life-saving surgery where it was needed most.

What does modern treatment owe to the First World War? Professor Christine Hallett of the University of Manchester explains how modern medicine continues to be influenced by advancements made during World War One."

http://www.bbc.co.uk/guides/zs3wpv4

Meikle, M. The evolution of plastic and maxillofacial surgery in the twentieth century: The Dunedin connection. Surgeon (Edinburgh University Press). Oct2006, Vol. 4 Issue 5, p325-334. 10p.

Hello,

I have several papers on this which has links to secondary sources as well as using primary resources:

1. ·         Metcalfe NH. The effect of the First World War (1914-1918) on the development of British anaesthesia. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 2007; 24(8):649-57.

2. ·         Metcalfe NH. Sir Geoffrey Marshall (1887–1982): respiratory physician, catalyst for anaesthesia development, doctor to both Prime Minster and King, and World War I Barge Commander. Journal of Medical Biography 2011; 19:10-14.

Good luck,

Neil Metcalfe