Your biggest challenge is complexity. If you have a lot of different proteins bound, you will be most unlikely to obtain valuable data by peptide mass fingerprinting, and you would minimally, need to perform MSMS on the MALDI instrument. The second problem is knowing that the absorbed proteins are fully digested. Christof's suggestion of suspending the powder in SDS sample buffer and running a 1d gel as a starting point is a good one.
What is the nature of your sample, and adsorbent? What kind of proteins are you looking at? In principle it is well possible to elute/extract proteins and peptides from solid phase supports, and the subject them to e.g. SDS-PAGE or 2D, and then MALDI-TOF analysis. The devil is in the details though, so if you could supply more information that might be helpful.
Your biggest challenge is complexity. If you have a lot of different proteins bound, you will be most unlikely to obtain valuable data by peptide mass fingerprinting, and you would minimally, need to perform MSMS on the MALDI instrument. The second problem is knowing that the absorbed proteins are fully digested. Christof's suggestion of suspending the powder in SDS sample buffer and running a 1d gel as a starting point is a good one.