Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) is a computer-assisted learning process, with which groups can structure complex issues to form interpretable patterns. Developed in the period 1971-73 by John N. Warfield at the Battelle Memorial Institute, the process was first described in Battelle Monograph Number 4, titled Structuring Complex Systems
Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) is a computer-assisted learning process, with which groups can structure complex issues to form interpretable patterns. Developed in the period 1971-73 by John N. Warfield at the Battelle Memorial Institute, the process was first described in Battelle Monograph Number 4, titled Structuring Complex Systems
Chhabi Ram Matawale, Saurav Datta and Siba Sankar Mahapatra (2013), Interrelationship of capabilities/enablers for lean, agile and leagile manufacturing : an ISM approach