This is the larva of Drilus flavescens, which like Lampyris noctiluca is a snail-eater. I have no idea if this is related to their diet, but surprisingly both species have an awesome sexual dimorphism, the female being larviforme and the male looking like a normal Coleoptera (interesting pictures of the mating and snail-eating on Google images).
I agree with Vincent, it is the larva of Drilus (Coleoptera, Drilidae). Please find the attached link and photo. But the head capsule is different so,I can not determine the species.
I also confirme the identification of the colleagues. I'm sure for the genus Drilus less regarding the species, but as we know Insect's world has really too many species and lot of them not yet identified!
The only other possibility is Drilus concolor. In France it is a rare species only found in the east or at altitude, which means it should be present in Lower Bavaria. Sadly I don't know any key for larvae, but D. concolor is much smaller; in my opinion the large size of this larva indicates D. flavescens .
I agree with colleagues on the identification: larva of Drilidae (Drilus). I observed more than once, in Italian Alps, these very peculiar larvae, sometimes I also observed and photographed them on snails. Regards,
In our German Books about Beetles Freude/Harde/Lohse ("FHL") there are also volumes with keys for the larvae, unfortunately I have only the volumes about the imagines.