I found few studies using TMS over V4. I am not sure whether it is hard to specifically focus on V4 using TMS. Does anybody have such an experience? Or have you ever seen studies using TMS applied to V4?
Thanks for helping！
I am not aware, but something that might be useful for you is the supplementary material from this paper: Article One in four people fail to perceive phosphenes during early ...
It cites 95 papers that used TMS to induce phosphenes, so it could help you with your search.
Phivos Phylactou
Thank you Phivos!
Actually, I've done some searching and found only 2 studies using TMS on V4. One is published in Cortex (Michael J. Banissy, et al., 2012) and the other is a Master's thesis (Irem N. Onay,2015). The site of V4 was selected based on coordinates from an fMRI study investigating colour perception in the former study, and was determined from the retinotopic mapping procedure using fMRI in the latter.
Although they said they focus on V4, it's not sure that they really intervened activity of V4 successfully.
From brain atlases (see the figure below from Principles of Neural Science), the location of V4 mostly on the ventral occipito-temporal surface of the brain, which makes them less accessible (D. J. McKeefry, M. P. Burton & A. B. Morland, 2010). Only a small part of V4 locates on the dorsal surface. At the same time, as the difference between individuals, maybe V4 locates on the ventral surface totally in some people's brain. And as V4 is highly retinotopic, the small part of V4 that can be accessed by TMS may not easy to be found.
So I decide to give up this site, but turn to V3A, V5, or LO.
- Badges
- Science topic