Jamil Kooli There are several interesting aspects to this question but to understand my answer you will need to become familiar with the Spacetime Wave theory:

Conference Paper THE UNIFICATION OF PHYSICS (Conference Paper)

The electron is a looped wave in Spacetime with energy given by E=hf. Now when you talk about at rest, you have to specify the frame of reference. If you think of the electron in the space rest frame K0 then apply E=hf that is the total mass/energy of the electron:

Preprint Space Rest Frame (March 2022)

Now if you think of the electron moving with velocity v relative to K0, the energy is still E=hf but f charges due to v.

Richard

Offhand: a free electron, of course, interacts with atoms, but interactions of this kind are chaotically differently directed and mutually compensate in a macroscopic sample. On the scale of nanotechnology, the situation may be different.

I think that in unified physics, an electron has an intrinsic energy which is the basis for calculating the energy of the hydrogen atom as well as the basis for transitions within an atom. For example, in photoelectric effect experiments, the electron is excited by a photon whose energy must be at least equal to that of the electron for the photoelectric phenomenon to occur.

I had a look into your question and I think a free electron can’t absorb light energy in different states when no change in mass and motion is the process of its function at rest, as a free electron is a particle wave function of a solid state of effective mass and motion. And, then I came across this physics research DLC from here at ResearchGate.

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nabil-Ashraf/post/How-to-determine-if-a-semiconductor-has-anisotropic-effective-mass-for-electron-from-band-structure-Does-parabolic-band-mean-isotropic-eff-mass/attachment/5a4730a5b53d2f0bba47bed2/AS%3A577151085023232%401514614949420/download/Theory+of+solids.pdf

Jamil Kooli In order to get a better understanding of the Spacetime Wave theory description of the electron, take a look at the analysis of the hydrogen bond presented here:

Preprint The Hydrogen Bond (June 2022)

There is a problem with the quantum theory approach to fundamental physics in that its sole aim is to provide equations which give an accurate prediction of experimental results.

Quantum theory does not give a clear picture of the underlying nature of particles such as the electron. It has no explanation for the cause of electric charge or the property spin.

This is why we have to go back to first principles to understand the nature of matter which is what I have been working on in the Spacetime Wave theory.

There is a long way to go to cover the scope of quantum theory but at least when we get there we will have a theory that can be understood.

Richard

Richard Lewis, thank you very much for your broad answers to my question. It is true that I do not study in depth the mathematical models that model the physical phenomena relating to the electron in general indeed I only specialize in calculations that can theoretically unify physics in terms of calculating its constants. In this regard, I am convinced that the Bohr model only gives an approximate value for the radius of hydrogen as well as for the energy of this atom. My conviction is that we cannot achieve ultimate results if we still focus on this model forever. It is as a result of this fact that I looked for another thing and this thing to which I am attached is that the electron must possess an intrinsic energy that may not be explained by current models. But I stick to the idea that the electron puts its energy intrinsic to the availability of the hydrogen atom in addition to the proton-electron interaction energy. In this precise case we must think about linking using equations the transition energies especially those in electronic and muonic hydrogen and deuterium according to this intrinsic energy. The main thing is that in the end experimentally these possible new equations of transition energies must be confirmed by practice and it is this idea that allowed me to explain the enigma of the proton radius in my two papers mentioned on RG. Finally it could be a new case to follow in physics.

Jamil Kooli Good thinking. In my calculations I have found that the proton is three wavelengths of a looped wave in Spacetime. You can see this diagrammatically in this presentation:

Data Prerecording of Conference Presentation on the Unification of Physics

It reinforces my view that QM and QFT are to be thought of as mathematical models designed to predict the results of experiments. When the quark model was first conceived as a means of organising the data of fundamental particles it was not proposed that quarks actually exist. This suggestion came later and turns out to be wrong.

Now it is clear that a proton is not three quarks but three wavelengths. This explains the observed threefold symmetry.

Richard

of course

Manfred Geilhaupt

"you will need to become familiar with the Spacetime Wave theory"

based on GR+TD, see my contributions if you like