you can be use heated Starch as a binder in diet for koi larvae, but size your larval very important for ability digestible binder. because in first stages of life digestive enzymes do not active.

Soybean meal has one of the best essential amino acid profiles of all protein-rich plant feedstuffs (Fox, 2008a). Soybean meal with hulls (44 percent crude protein) and dehulled soybean meal (48 percent crude protein) are available in large quantities.

thanks for suggestion Roozbehfar, the koi larvae's age that i conduct to my research is about 8 days after hatching, is it possible to use starch as a binder for that age? i read that in 8 dah, the larvae can be fed by artificial feed (Farhoudi, 2012). How many starch i add to the feed?and how about its digestibility?

i agree with you Kalyankar, i have added soybean meal as one of my raw material to my formulation.

You can 10-12 percentage starch add to diet, you can read attached article for more detail.

Steam cooked Ground nut oil cake becomes quite sticky & acts as a natural binder. But the oil cake needs to be finely grinded. Fermented starch works quite well enough as a feed binder.Fermented starch has been used in preparation of shrimp larval feed,& results are quite good.

Dear Fahma,

Please check the following resources.

Best regards

SM Najim

http://www.eajournals.org/wp-content/uploads/Dietary-Sorghum-Starch-Influences-Growth-Performance-Apparent-Digestibility.pdf

http://www.jeb.co.in/journal_issues/201607_jul16_spl/paper_15.pdf

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1753-5131.2012.01086.x/pdf

http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/117190

https://www.ijsr.in/upload/74718322Paper%20%2021.pdf