Hi. If you read French, you can have a look on my book on Jung and the archetypes: several chapters examine the way rock art specialists use the notion of archetype.

http://editions.scienceshumaines.com/jung-et-les-archetypes-un-mythe-contemporain_fr-511.htm

Jung is indeed a good place to start. Here is a link to an article that is close to the topic: http://psycheandmuse.library.yale.edu/art-therapy/   Most of the literature seems to focus on how Jung saw "objects" and how psychoanalysis (Freud especially) viewed art, objects, and the artist.  Social anthropology and psychoanalysis are closely related so there should be articles and research here, probably mostly done by social anthropologists. This could be helpful: http://www.sv.uio.no/sai/english/research/subjects/symbols/

Take a look at the work of Joseph Campbell, his work is not recent but certainly looks at anthropology and visual perception.

http://www.omda.bg/uploaded_files/files/articles/THE_DOMESTICATION_OF_FIRE__1408526235.pdf