Please see research by Rousta, Feuk-Lagerstedt, Taherzadeh, Richards, Sarvari Horvath, Teghammar, et al, all at the univ of Borås. The city Borås in Sweden is on the forefront in waste management and the university there is doing a lot of research on resource recovery using biotech, gasification, incineration, et.c.

Bahir Dar in northwestern Ethiopia outsourced municipal waste services to a private waste company in 2008.four options on how financial sustainability of the SWM system in Bahir Dar might be enhanced: (i) improved fee collection efficiency by linking the fees of solid waste collection to water supply; (ii) increasing the value chain by sales of organic waste recycling products; (iii) diversifying revenue streams and financing mechanisms (polluter-pays-, cross-subsidy- and business-principles); and (iv) cost reduction and improved cost-effectiveness.

the public-private partnership( PPP )setup such as in Bahir Dar, a strong alliance between the municipality and private enterprise is important so that appropriate solutions for improved financial sustainability of a SWM system can be sought and implemented.

Thank you very much for your comments and for the reference to the scholars at the university of Borås. 

Very interesting as well the case of Bahir Dar. I wonder what the scale of this private enterprise is.

I am particularly interested in the social aspect of waste co-production. Often traditional PPPs do not take into consideration existing, mostly informal groups of resource recoverer; as we see on a large scale in countries of the global south. Nevertheless these individuals are often heavily impacted by outsourcing waste collection and separation. Do you have any case study demonstrating the social, economic and environmental sustainability of co-production? 

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I am probably behind the times. I do not know what is meant by co-production of waste. Maybe any of you people can put this into plain English for me,so I can participate in the debate. Thank you.

Hello Manfred,

Yes of course, I should mention a definition for the term. Co-production basically refers to 
the joint production of public services between organized citizens and the state. The concept is similar to what Ostrom (1996) and others have called 'co-management'; which in a nutshell means participatory resource management. Some recycling cooperatives and particularly the cooperative network Coopcent is working towards a form of co-production in waste management, with them getting a contract with the local city to collect recyclables and redirect them into industry.

Thank you Jutta, it is an elaborate term for a simple arrangement. This is done in Brazil all the time. I do not know wether there are formal contracts, but the city administration supports cooperatives in their reycling business in all sorts of ways. The Brazilian law on solid waste even mandates this "co-whatever". 

Cheers,

Manfred