The Spanish picaresque novel had its heyday in the Siglo de Oro, continuing into the 18th century. By the beginning of the 19th century the appreciation of first-person life accounts of the picaresque type seems to have declined considerably. I am looking for instances of picaresque narratives written and published in 19th-century Spain, regardless of their position within the literary field.
"El Periquillo Sarniento" by Fdez, de Lisardi (1816), is the first Spanish-American novel, and a picaresque one at that, written before Mexico´s independence from Spain. .
"El doctor Centeno" by Benito Pérez Galdós, while not narrated in the first person, does contain much lively, direct dialogue. The main character, a boy who seeks his fortune (by trying, in this case to study medicine) but really does not succeed, passes from one scenario to another, each having to a degree a satirical aspect.
Interestingly enough, the picaresque novel was cultivated in Victorian Anglo-America by Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain): see "Tom Sawyer," "Huckleberry Finn," and others. Whether he was influenced by "Lazarillo" I do not know. I do know he read and loved "Don Quixote," with its picaresque elements (since Cervantes´s masterpiece makes a new synthesis of the picaresque with the chivalric novel).
You may want to also consider Pio Baroja's Aventuras, inventos y mixtificaciones de Silvestre Paradox and the La lucha por la vida trilogy. They are both early XX century but still applicable.
Trafalgar, La Corte de Carlos IV (ambas de 1873) y algunos más de los primeros Episodios Nacionales de Galdós pueden ser considerados como novelas picarescas aunque a mi parecer más bien serán parodias de este género, comparables por su enfoque literariopolítico con las novelas "picarescas" que escribe Eduardo Mendoza en los siglos XX y XXI: El misterio de la cripta embrujada (1979), El laberinto de las aceitunas (1982), La aventura del tocador de señoras (2001) y El enredo de la bolsa y la vida (2012).
I know one that is quite interesting, Vida de Pedro Saputo (1844), by the Aragonese writer Braulio Foz. Among other things, it's a great source to learn some very colorful regional Aragonese insults!
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