National health strategy in different countries and its applications
Dear @Mohamed, any strategies exists in Serbia regarding public health, youth health, ...etc. The following paper will give You some more information regarding this issue since Serbia is in transition!
Under paragraph 4, last link, all the strategies are given regarding health and social affairs!
http://www.unicef.org/serbia/Strategy_for_Youth_Devel_and_Health_in_Serbia(1).pdf
http://www.gs.gov.rs/english/strategije-vs.html
Dear Mohamed,
In Jordan, we have the National Agenda 2007-2017,which included many items, such as, ensuring all Jordanians are covered by medical insurance by the year 2012, and reducing unemployment from 12.5 per cent to 6.8 per cent, creating 600,000 jobs by 2017. In addition to that, I worked as a team member on "Jordan Vision 2020" , in which there is national strategies for around ten fields, health care and education are two of them.
Dear @Mohamed, Jordan is well-known as the health and medication center for the region; it has well established public and private health sectors.
Dear Mohamed
The Family Health Strategy , in Brazil, is the healthcare model of primary care, which is based on the work of multidisciplinary teams and develops health actions from knowledge of the local realities and the needs of its population. The model of family health strategy seeks to foster closer unity of family health; promote access to services, enable the establishment of links between staff and users, continuity of care and increase, through the co-responsibility of care, the ability of solving the most common health problems, producing a greater impact on health status location.
Its guidelines completeness and fairness of care, coordination of care and longitudinality families and people under their responsibility.
The organization of work teams should be focusing on the needs of users and continuously seeking to improve the quality of services offered to the population
Yes, it is, however, the result and effectivity of these projects strongly depends on the people who should take part in the rpevention actions.
India for its population (2nd in the world after China) cant afford such a initiative. however it has
Now that Private medical facilities has mushroomed to all nooks and corners, the thought for such project has not emerged.
Dear @Tobias, it is very sad and very bad practice in health policy for the people of your country!
Well, a national strategy may be their but its implementation depends on the political will of the government of the day.
That is true @Kamal. World Health Organization is helping Serbia in implementation of different projects in health area!
http://www.euro.who.int/en/countries/serbia/areas-of-work
Some remarks and measures toward the improving the efficiency and effectiveness of Serbian Health System are given in the following paper!
http://books.google.rs/books?id=OtBZtFH1d4AC&pg=PA842&lpg=PA842&dq=health+system+effectiveness+in+serbia&source=bl&ots=VFHEVU7upg&sig=v-20t16nX7qq0F7jMyF6w1dSA8U&hl=en&sa=X&ei=k_nbU6XVH4mo4gTQk4GgCA&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=health%20system%20effectiveness%20in%20serbia&f=false
India’s recent decision to launch a national adolescent health strategy aimed at addressing the critical health concerns of adolescents in the country, indicates the Government’s determination to put youth at the centre of its priorities. In a nation where a fifth of the population is aged 10-19, the broad benefits of healthier youth will have a profound impact on the future prospects of the whole population.
https://www.unfpa.org/public/lang/en/home/news/pid/15945
I have no comments beside that written by Mahfuz, kamal and Shania.
We have had a national health strategy in England since 1992 (Health of the Nation). Currently our health strategy is "Healthy Lives Healthy People" 2010 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/healthy-lives-healthy-people-our-strategy-for-public-health-in-england
Government of India launches new health programme for adolescents
The new programme is aimed at all adolescents (boys and girls) aged between 10 to 19 years, who live in urban and rural areas; whether married and unmarried; poor and affluent; in school or out of school. It will address such issues as, the limited access of adolescents to accurate health information and socio-economic and gender disparities which restrict access to health care. Other components of the programme target adolescents’ lack of information and detailed knowledge of sexual and reproductive health issues, malnutrition and anaemia, , injuries, violence and communicable and non-communicable diseases.
http://www.who.int/pmnch/media/events/2014/india_new_rksk/en/
Assume have serious global citizen does!
Our is highly ineffective and/or inefficient!
Period!
In any nation , the health care is determined by Infant mortality rate ( IMR ) , Maternal Mortality rate ( MMR ) & Life span span of its citizens . The Millennium Development Goals 4 , 5 , 6 have set definite targets on health to be achieved by 2015 . India faces the dual burden of Infectious diseases & Non communicable diseases . India is a low middle income country & needs to spend a lot of money on health care . It has to concentrate on Preventive public health by providing safe drinking water , adequate indoor toilets to prevent outdoor defecation , provide immunization for children & adequate food security to prevent malnutrition . It also needs primary , secondary & tertiary care institutions in both rural & urban areas to take care of ill health . Public sector institutions are needed to take care of lower middle class & poor patients . The private sector institutions will take care of the rich patients . This needs adequate planning & allotment of funds to reach vulnerable sections such as new health program , recently launched to cater to children , adolescents & women in both urban & rural areas , such as RMCNH+A ( Reproductive health , Maternal , Newborn , Child & Adolescent health care . There is an urgent need to increase the number of doctors , nurses & other paraclinical staff by opening more medical , nursing & paraclinical colleges & hospitals in India . Therefore , the universal health care plan launched should consider all aspects of health care , in which the public sector has a major role with adequate support from private sector to solve the health care problems of India . With a population of 1.25 billion , India faces a challenging task .
Dear Mohamed,
A strategy is only a piece of paper or an electronic file. The best way is to ask practising physicians in hospitals and clinics about their real opportunities and the tendency on health care development directions.
Rollout strategy for diagnostic test in India may impact TB
Xpert MTB/RIF is a new TB diagnostic that is more sensitive than other diagnostics in current widespread use and can detect resistance to certain antibiotics, but its cost is substantial, and the Indian health-care system is fragmented and heavily privatized with the majority of the population seeking private healthcare initially. Currently, due to resource constraints, the Indian Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme is mainly implementing Xpert MTB/RIF as a rapid drug susceptibility test method among selected patients seeking care in the public sector.
Xpert MTB/RIF, recently implemented tuberculosis (TB) test, to control the TB epidemic in India. The implementation strategy is more ambitious and better funded, includes private sector with better referral networks developed between public and private participation.
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-07/p-rsf070814.php
Serbia is not lagging behind other countries and acts fully in line with World Health Organisation recommendations regarding Ebola! "There are no ebola patients in Serbia, but if the disease appears, the Military Medical Academy (VMA) in Belgrade is prepared to face it."
http://inserbia.info/today/2014/10/no-ebola-in-serbia-health-care-system-ready/
That is dependent on how many qualified fairly payed doctors (GP or specialized including all sub-specialities) proportional to population, applying preventive procedures, cultural communication with population via media & SMS during high risk conditions, encouraging medical research to find new effective therapeutic approaches, and also, fairly distributed well equipped hospitals (public or teaching). In addition, a continued supervision & updating are mandatory. I noted all of previously mentioned items were happening in KSA during the last few years & this means that there is national health strategy in KSA, which looks effective. I hope that my senior Saudi colleagues to add also their opinion.
In Greece we had a nice health system with many problems. Unfortunately, the crisis and austerity measures almost destroy it!
"The Project “Development of Palliative Care Services in the Republic of Serbia” is a joint project of the Ministry of Health of Serbia and the European Union, funded by the EU. Its main aim is to support the Government of Serbia in the development of palliative care services in line with the National Strategy for Palliative Care and international good practice. The purpose of the project is to support the establishment of comprehensive and modern system of palliative care in Serbia, accessible to all patients who require such care, be they patients with cancer or non-cancer disease, adults or children. Support will be oriented at minimising potential access bias and promoting inclusion of potentially underserved population groups. The over-riding principle is that access to relief of pain and palliative care is a basic human right."
Dear @Costas, the state of our health system in Serbia is bad. As it could be seen, many projects have not been implemented!!!!
http://www.palliativecareserbia.com/home.html
Indian Health Strategy also covers Occupational Health, Safety & Hazards and is based on WHO/ILO–definition of Occupational Health
Occupational Health Should aim at
- Promotion & maintenance of highest degree of physical, mental & social well being of workers in all occupations.
- Prevention among workers of departures from health reasons caused by working conditions
- Protections of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health &
- Placing & maintaining workers in an occupational environment adapted to the physiological & psychological ability
http://labour.nic.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/Divisions/LC%26ILAS/sunilKumar.pdf
The Ministry of Health Strategy (2013-2017) was developed to address the main strategic issues for the coming period within nine main themes: primary health care, secondary & tertiary care, financial administration, management of human resources, infrastructure, organization and management, knowledge management and leadership.
It is very effective throughout India, named as the Employees’ State Insurance Scheme of India, is a multidimensional social security system tailored to provide socio-economic protection to worker population and their dependants covered under the scheme. Besides full medical care for self and dependants, that is admissible from day one of insurable employment, the insured persons are also entitled to a variety of cash benefits in times of physical distress due to sickness, temporary or permanent disablement etc. resulting in loss of earning capacity, the confinement in respect of insured women, dependants of insured persons who die in industrial accidents or because of employment injury or occupational hazard are entitled to a monthly pension called the dependants benefit.
http://www.esic.nic.in/index.php
Yes we have, called ΕΣΥ. Unfortunately the recession and economic crisis did not allow to flourish! Presently the system is between "live and dead".
Effective Management of Decentralized Health Systems
The assessment is conducted in the context of the health system’s design and inequities in coverage, access, utilization and outcomes. Decision Space Analysis has been successful in describing and improving decentralized health systems, and could be used for this assessment. It would also be useful to assess and evaluate the structure and functioning of decentralized health systems in other countries to learn from their experience
http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=38&ved=0CFEQFjAHOB4&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cepa.co.uk%2Fcorelibs%2Fdownload.class.php%3Fsource%3DPB%26fileName%3Dsysimgdocs%2Fdocs%2FPMNCH-Effective-management-of-decentralized-health-systems-2012-_pb106_4.pdf%26file%3DPMNCH%2520-%2520Effective%2520management%2520of%2520decentralized%2520health%2520systems%2520%25282012%2529.pdf&ei=5kWBVK-cJ6Wt7AaJlYGoDg&usg=AFQjCNFczTs6Q_N--U2T8GfNL1YMVzAv6Q&bvm=bv.80642063,d.d24&cad=rja
Ghana has a national health policy dabbed National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS).
Background of the NHIS: a policy that was the brain child of the first President, Dr. Nkrumah. After independence in 1957, healthcare was virtually free in this country. But after the overthrow of Dr Nkrumah which was followed by a succession of coup d’états, the fee healthcare could not be maintained. The user fee system was introduced through the enactment of the Hospital fee Decree in 1969. This later became the Health fee Act in 1971. Initially, patients paid a minimal amount for accessing healthcare but with time fixed amounts were charged for consultation, laboratory examination and diagnostic procedures. The health fee Act was amended in 1998 where full cost of accessing healthcare was charged to the patients. This was termed the Cash and Carry system, a system that brought untold hardships to the citizens.
Introduction of the NHIS: This began with the enactment of the National Health Insurance Act 650 in 2003 and the operation of the system began in 2004. This Act also established the National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA) which regulates all health insurance schemes in the country. It also implemented the NHIS
Funding for the NHIS: a. 2.5% tax charged on some selected goods and services
b. 2.5% transfers from existing contributions in Social Security and National Insurance Trust by formal sector workers
c. Individual premiums and other miscellaneous funds from investment returns from donors, parliamentarians etc.
Schemes: Three schemes are operating currently. 1. The District Mutual Health Insurance
2. Commercial Health Insurance
3. Private Mutual Health Insurance
Successes: a. payment of all costs, including food, associated with outpatient department and admission treatment
b. Full payment for medicine included in an approved list
c. Payment for referrals in an approved list
NB. The approved list covered oral health, eye care, emergencies, maternity care including prenatal care, normal delivery, treatment for malaria, diarrhea, upper respiratory tract infections, skin diseases, hypertension, asthma and diabetes (Mensah, Oppong and Schmidt, 2009).
Challenges:
a. Long delays in registering children
b. Delays in payment of claims to service providers
c. lack of software and complex format for processing claims
d. Exclusion of some drugs on the drug list
e. Lack of awareness about drug list
f. The fact that drug prices are fixed though they were rising
Some suggestions for improvement:
1. Extension of scheme for all medical services
2. Prompt release of funds for reimbursement of claims
3. Constant monitoring of the scheme and the providers
4. Recruitment and training of staff
5. Increase in the number of health facilities
For countries that are yet to start national health scheme, the following recommendations based on the Ghanaian experience may be useful to them.
1. Adequate permanent infrastructure and training need to be provided to the scheme personnel even before the scheme becomes operational
2. An automatized claims’ processing center needs to be created to accelerate claims procession
3. A decoupling mechanism (which insures that children are able to enroll for fees in the scheme without their parents being enrolled) must be part of the original design
4. A monitoring and evaluation unit that is able to keep corruption under control
5. Intensive public education about the benefits of being registered in the scheme should be provided
6. Flexibility in the payments of premiums should be incorporated to promote the registration of the poorest who are indigent should be provided
7. Mass community registration should be part of the initial stage of implementation
8. A targeting strategy to identify low-income groups must be tested and perfected before the creation of the scheme.
“UHC is an idea whose time has come — because health for all saves lives, strengthens nations and is achievable and affordable for every country,” says Michael Myers, Managing Director of The Rockefeller Foundation, which is leading the Universal Health Coverage Day initiative.
http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/a-coalition-for-access-to-healthcare/article6689628.ece
Global Health Initiatives : "An emerging and global trend in health is a focus on partnerships - alongside public-private partnerships there are also a number global health initiatives. Such initiatives are thought to be one of the benefits of globalization. Global initiatives are typically programmes targeted at specific diseases and are supposed to bring additional resources to health efforts."
http://www.who.int/trade/glossary/story040/en/
Yes we do have. As far as I'm concerned, it is not very effective. I hope some strategies would be reviewed and improved upon.
I think there is but how effective it is, what i can't say
In Iraq, since 1950 we have medical insurance covered many Iraqi citizens at the same time have been many neighboring countries do not have always gotten the same health care. Unfortunately, after the first Gulf war and in turn, the health care level dropped due to repeated wars.
Canada gad healthcare for free , province of Alberta ,takes good care of the public.
USA: Mandatory (normally) and recommended vaccinations and updated vaccines.
Check ups are up to the person
Full time employment requires the company to automatically enroll you in a health benefits package approved and chosen by the company you are employed.
Part time employment it is optional but not necessarily the best of the packages.
Each state does it differently, i.e. in Washington it is mandatory to have health insurance. The state may choose the best one for you based on your income so you at least have something. However, although I get basically free insurance, and I am also eligible to still be under my parents, I have options but sometimes who is available to provide you with dental work, clinics, or hospital services cannot take your insurance so you are screwed paying for something anyways because another company doesn't accept it even though it is in the same state.
If you are enrolled in school, i.e. universities, you may have student health insurance as part of your tuition package while you are attending school. It is just basic check ups though, not actual services in most cases. Maybe some physical therapy discounts.
Family clinics are the cheapest and best option for minor check ups. They will often refer you to the hospital if it is beyond the capabilities of the clinic itself.
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