https://www.gwp.org/globalassets/global/toolbox/publications/perspective-papers/perspectives-paper-on-water-storage.pdf

I certainly am not the first to identify that gullies help remove and lower groundwater tables, so gullies and deeply entrenched channels are anti-water storage. So as mentioned or cited in some of my gully papers, control, stabilization and restoration of gullies can be considered a water storage tool for some ecosystems. Gully plugs with drop inlet was one of the methods that has been used to help store water and sediment. At the other extreme, which I do not recommend supporting for water storage is braided streams, which tend to maintain a high water table and more frequent channel adjustments and flooding.

One might consider some of Dr. David Rosgen‘s channel and stream stabilization and restoration approaches to help restore the natural or at least a stable stream morphology and function.

Maintaining the soil’s ability to take up and store water would be important considerations. Although forests, especially pine forests, have a tendency to use more water than grasslands, forests do help infiltrate and store water, especially in areas with high to extreme rainfall intensities. Forests seldom exhibit any direct overland flow as one indicator of their ability to maintain or improve the soil capacity to absorb, transmit and store water. Organics have been reported to hold or at least delay about 4 times their weight in water. Years back, I heard a presentation by Moshe Cohen where a desert area somewhere in Middle East was restored from no streamflow, to areas with perennial flow through restoring native forest type, in this case I think it was cedars. It is difficult to expect some of these practices to work in every circumstance, as planting pine trees onto a native grassland is likely to lower water yield due primarily to increased evapotranspiration.

It seems also pertinent to know where groundwater recharge, transfer and storage capacity comes from. Much is geology related, but actual identification of critical zones for adjustments in management or land use plans or practices is seldom known in enough detail. Increased use of water level monitoring of wells with transducers or other methods would help inventory and monitor periods of recharge and use that may help improve planning. Connection of groundwater data to rainfall events and streamflow records also may help understanding and modeling.

Many of the problems with dams of various types and sizes come from designing and active management and maintenance issues. Dams designed many decades ago are sometimes forgotten by landowners, or at least not actively maintained and managed by lowering before major flood events that are forecasted much better today. Water storage and management in some instances requires a degree of liability and potential for unforeseen issues in some circumstances. For instance, storage and withdrawals with some frequency in karst terrain could elevate sinkholes or other issues. Due to potential liability and other issues, I would recommend considering a licensed engineer to review and sign off on any moderate to significant projects or plans. As needed, the licensed engineer will consult with hydrogeologist or other professionals if there are areas of expertise that need review.

Groundwater can be a solution. And we need to make sure enough precipitation gets infiltered into the ground. To solve the water shortage problem, we also need to consider the geological and hydrological situation. If there is a lack of precipitation, then we need to depend on groundwater or seawater. Also, the uses of the water are essential to know. And then a good decision can be made to solve the water shortage.

So it is better to accumulate details of hydrological and geological data. And then make a discussion.

is this call still available

Dear Salah Hamad , the call is still available. Please go to our online Water Storage Survey: https://lnkd.in/d8E8349 Thank you so much for your interest.

Dear Dr. Nanco Dolman

From Ladakh, this is a very good example.

https://geographical.co.uk/people/cultures/item/3809-storing-water-ladakh-s-ice-engineers

The storage of agricultural production surpluses in wet years (crop and animal productions) represents a form of water resource storage that can come from blue water (irrigation) and green water (rainfed crops). Likewise, the storage of imported food is a form of virtual water storage. This correspondence between foodstuff reserves and water reserves is relevant: it makes it possible to interpret the storage capacities of agro-food products in storage capacity of water resources, even if these storage are carried out only on the short term without impact on the interannual regulation of resources.

Seen in this light, the storage of food is a practical form of storage of water resources which, moreover, is inexpensive and without consequences for the environment. In Tunisia, for example, the cost of storing a ton of grain is $ 42 / year. Converted into water resources, this corresponds to a cost price of $ 0.021 per m3 of water equivalent stored; derisory in comparison with the cost of storing hydraulic resources which is of the order of $ 0.5 (a factor of almost 25 times).

These aspects are developed in the following two books. I can, with pleasure, send you the book in French (just request it on my RG page) but I do not yet have the right to the book in English

Deleted research item The research item mentioned here has been deleted

Deleted research item The research item mentioned here has been deleted

Water Security is one of the most (if not the most) nagging issues in water-scarce countries, particularly as it is exacerbated by Climate Change concerns. Perspectives for sustainable development in the arid region are given in the following discussions:

(2) Adaptation and Resilience to Climate Change: "Temporal Paradox" versus "Chronology Protection Conjecture". (researchgate.net)

(2) On Water Scarcity Indicators (researchgate.net)

https://www.ugaoo.com/knowledge-center/rainwater-harvesting-techniques/

Louis Pasteur: "We drink 90% of our illnesses"

See references within the references on the following Project (10 Chapters)

https://www.researchgate.net/project/Urban-Hydrology-and-Hydraulics-Hydrologie-et-Hydraulique-urbaines

Water-scarce countries should shift toward an integral and integrated vision of all water resources: First, integration of water in all its states: surface water, groundwater, treated water, green water (water resource of the soil available for crops), virtual water (water equivalent of agrifood trade)..., then integration of water in all its uses: agricultural, domestic, industrial, tourist, environmental, recreational..., finally integration of water in all its actors: State, administration, communities, technicians, scientists, users, consumers, citizens. Beyond the improvement of management methods, this strategy must achieve a change in our behavior with regard to the very notion of water resources.

See references within the following research project:

https://www.researchgate.net/project/The-Holistic-Water-Balance-Blue-Green-Virtual-Water

See also the following discussion thread:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Water_Footprint_Water_Colors_Blue_Water_Green_Water_Grey_Water_Virtual_Water