Early-onset preeclampsia & elevated liver enzyme and low platelets syndrome has significantly increased CMV IgG sero-positivity, upregulated TLR-2/-4 mRNA expression, increased serum IL-6 and TNF-α, and reduced IL-10 compared with matched normal and non-pregnancy controls.

Am J Reprod Immunol. 2014 Apr;71(4):379-86.

Latent T. gondii infection was not associated with hypertensive disorders in pregnant women (preeclampsia) in Northern Mexico.

Parasit Vectors. 2014 Apr 3;7:167.

Gestational diabetes, preeclampsia and intra-uterine infection during pregnancy has profound effects on the fetus and long term effects on the neonate.

All three conditions lead to endothelial dysfunction in both in the mother and the fetus.

Gestational diabetes increases risk for preeclampsia and it is likely that both the hyperglycemia as well as the release of cytokines especially TNFα during hyperglycemia may play an important role in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction leading to preeclampsia.

It has also been suggested although not universally accepted that under certain circumstances maternal infection may also predispose to preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia is also associated with the release of TNFα and endothelial dysfunction.

The cellular and molecular mechanism(s) leading to the endothelial dysfunction by either hyperglycemia or by the cytokine TNFα appear to be different.

Adv Exp Med Biol. 2014;814:69-75.

A study meta-analysis (PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science) investigated relationship between preeclampsia (PE) and circulating interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ).

Eleven studies with 947 participants reporting IL-18 and 16 studies with

2230 subjects reporting IFN-γ were included. There was no significant difference

in the IL-18 levels in PE patients compared with controls.

IFN-γ was found to be significantly higher in women with PE than that in normotensive pregnant women (standardized mean difference = 0.93; 95% confident interval: 0.07, 1.79).

Furthermore, stratification by specimen type, quality score, method of estimation of mean and standard deviation, and whether sampling not in

labor/premature rupture of membrane/infection also showed significant differences in standardized mean difference of IL-18, as well as IFN-γ.

This meta-analysis suggests that circulating higher IFN-γ levels may be associated with preeclampsia.

Am J Reprod Immunol. 2014 Nov;72(5):504-14.

I do not think, infections play a role in pre eclampsia development ...!

gingivitis - peridontal disease is worth exploring

Any infection that can predispose to very high fever and high blood pressure with tendency to alter the course of gestation is worth exploring

No established association.

Im with you Helen, Peridontal disease  may be associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia.

Ｉ cannot believe at all that preeclampsia is predisposed by infectious disease.I have never experienced that preeclampsia patients had high fever. These meaningless concept with preeclampsia results in the endlessness of the clarification of the etiology  of preeclampsia . Therefore we have still no means of treatment based on the pathophysiology of preeclampsia。

Then  any  one think  of placental  malaria?

I think  urinary tract infection too

They are only just complicated with preeclampsia

Dear  Shigehiko Mizutani 

Do you think  that they  only complicated by  preeclampsia or they cause preeclampsia

It is needless to say that they are only complicated by preeclampsia. Famous doctors insisted many years ago that preeclampsia is the disease related to inflammmation. These scientists are making game for preeclampsia using much money and precious time. They are blind and touching the tail of the elefant and insisting that thia tail is preeclampsia .

Still  there is a new infection that  claim to be associated  with  preeclampsia  that  is periodontal diseases

I hope that you could undersatnd what I want to say.

My opinion is undoubtedly linked . Periodontal disease is questionable influence on the development of pre-eclampsia . The most likely zvyaz with intestinal microbiome .