Explore the processes such as nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and production of growth-promoting substances by biofertilizers. Illustrate how these activities lead to improved soil fertility.
Biofertilizers enrich the soil with nutrients by fixing the atmospheric nitrogen, they solubilize the phosphorous thus, making it available to the plants. They stimulate the growth and development of plants by enhancing the secretion of growth-promoting substances.Biofertilizers enhance the plant growth and yield through various mechanisms like atmospheric nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization and mobilization, composting, phytohormones production and disease suppression. First four mechanisms are involved in the supply of plant nutrients. Rhizobia are the bacteria that help in the nitrogen fixation and thus help in replenishing soil nutrients and act as biofertilizers Biofertilizers fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil and root nodules of legume crops and make it available to the plant Phytohormones have a crucial role to play in the development and differentiation of different plant tissue and also increase the micronutrients (especially Fe) uptake and translocation. Plant growth-promoting microbes suppress the plant pathogens through antibiotic production, hydrolytic enzyme (β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase) production, siderophore production, HCN, and ammonia production induce the plant defense system and competition for nutrients and habitat regions.
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