Answers in short

Q1

In Poland we have a well-organized crisis management system. This system covers all administrative levels of the country.

The most important act in this area is the Act of 26 April 2007 on crisis management. Crisis management is understood as activities of public administration bodies constituting an element of national security management, which consists in conducting a comprehensive process including prevention of crisis situations (including disasters and catastrophes), preparation to take control over them by means of planned actions, responding in the event of crisis situations, removing their consequences and restoring resources and critical infrastructure.

In the field crisis management we have many planning documents.

One of the main planning documents in this area is the National Crisis Management Plan (NCMP).

It is a planning document prepared by the Government Centre for Security in cooperation with ministries, central authorities and voivodes. It can be regarded as a crisis management manual applying at the central level.

(Similar plans are prepared by ministers, central authorities, voivodes, starosts and others for their regions/departments)

“The document contains provisions concerning the principles and areas of cooperation among the forces participating in the implementation of undertakings in the event of a crisis situation. The main areas of cooperation have been designated respectively for each of the phases of crisis management. (...)

The document contains a list of authorities responsible for taking action in connection with the occurrence of a crisis situation, taking into account particular levels of government administration, together with the basis for their action. This list illustrates the process of a growing threat and planning documents assigned to respond to it. The first level concerns the occurrence of a crisis situation in the area of one voivodship and the need to use the solutions contained in the voivodship crisis management plan. In case of escalation of the threat and exhaustion of voivodship resources, it is necessary to activate the ministerial level. For the threat indicated in the security network the minister in charge of the government administration department undertakes actions indicated in his crisis management plan. In case of an event the consequences of which have impact on the territory of several voivodships, and where the threat requires interdisciplinary actions, central government administration bodies have a special role. It becomes necessary to launch response procedures contained in the NCMP by the Council of Ministers with the assistance of the Governmental Crisis Management Team. Indicated by the Prime Minister, the minister in charge of a given crisis situation, with the support of other ministers and heads of central offices, coordinates actions in the field of removing the consequences of the event. Counteracting threats at the highest - fourth level requires special measures to be taken through the introduction of one of the following states of emergency: natural disaster, emergency or martial law.

The NCMP does not indicate the level of local government administration, as this area of competence is outside the direct impact of NCMP” (Summary of relevant elements of the national risk management capability assessment, RCB, Warsaw [Poland], 2020 – the document is official but unpublished).

Q2

The government and local government agencies (and army) have an obligation to action, other organizations („independent, non-governmental or local response organizations involved”) usually support the activities or run them independently.

Best regards.

Hai,

The following website provides you with some background information on Sri Lanka. Refer the website: https://reliefweb.int/report/sri-lanka/disaster-management-reference-handbook-sri-lanka-march-2021

For international cooperation and and agencies, see our work on disaster diplomacy https://disasterdiplomacy.org

For the UK, see the Civil Contingencies Act https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2004/36/contents and the National Risk Register https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-risk-register-2020

For a wider overview of disasters, see "Disaster by Choice":

1. Book https://global.oup.com/academic/product/disaster-by-choice-9780198841340

2. Paper https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2019.100008

3. Blog https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/disaster-choice

4. Vlog https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BlVyY1UAOnU&list=PLCuu5t_nsFKC5IbjnahIEoKHK8o2vegaZ

In Spain, we have Law 17/2015, of July 9, on the National Civil Protection: https://www.boe.es/eli/es/l/2015/07/09/17/con

Maybe this article can also be useful:

Article Gestión del riesgo de desastres y protección civil en España...