Digital learning is quite common in developed countries and it is considered as the future of learning mode in India. I am sharing one such research for your reference. I am expecting your expert views on the future of digital learning.
Preprint e-learning Scope and Trend in India
Shirshendu Roy - Thank you for your question. Digital and online teaching and learning is changing high school education and higher education. However, the changes vary from country to country, and there is a need for multi-centre research across several countries to assess the impact of the use of digital and online learning on the students.
Technology as a mean of education is a reality. The sources we can find with our laptops, even phones and any device are extremely helpful. However, I still believe the "concrete" sheet of paper and handwriting are irreplaceable things. There are some scientific studies proving that the information we provide to the brain when we actually write it with our hand, it is better stored. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/Media/Pages/The-Importance-of-Handwriting-in-the-Digital-Age.aspx
Indeed, due to the advent of computer machine, all of the scientific as well as arts and fine arts communities trying their best put their works on digital platform. See for example Article Digital product innovation within four classes of innovation networks
Conference Paper Digital Civics: Citizen Empowerment With and Through Technology
Digital form of learning materials can be transmitted throughout the world irrespective of geographical distance, can be accessed anytime anywhere, can be stored almost indefinitely without decay and degeneration, can be enriched through dynamic content like video and animation, can be adapted to multiple devices like computer and mobile phone. All these properties would seem to make it the choice of the future.
Dear Colleagues and Friends from RG,
On the basis of the above considerations and conclusions from the discussion on interesting issues discussed, I formulated the following thesis that the effective and efficient implementation of ICT and Industry 4.0 technologies into education systems and tools can significantly increase the effectiveness of educational processes.
Below I have described the key determinants confirming the formulated research thesis. To the above discussion I would like to add the following conclusion formulated as a summary of my previous considerations on this topic: Determinants of ICT implementation and Industry 4.0 in education processes.
I suggest research on the analysis of correlations that take place between the technological revolution of Industry 4.0 and modern education 4.0. Currently, in the era of the technological revolution referred to as industry 4.0, new teaching concepts called education 4.0 are emerging. The technological revolution that has taken place in recent years referred to as Industry 4.0 is motivated by the development of the following factors: Big Data database technologies, cloud computing, machine learning, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence. In addition, in the knowledge-based economy, important areas of knowledge and technology that are being developed are primarily the development of data processing analytics in Business Intelligence enterprises, the development of life science technologies, biotechnology, ecological and energy innovations, medical intelligence etc. Based on the development of the new solutions mentioned in recent years, processes of innovatively organized analyzes of large sets of information collected in Big Data database systems have been developing dynamically.
Activation for critical thinking of students is a particularly important determinant of effective education. Modern education instruments are important in this matter, thanks to which analytical techniques, brainstorming, debates, discussions, etc. used in the education process of pupils and students are developed. These techniques should also develop creativity, innovation and teamwork. As part of the activation, didactic instruments using innovative, new technological solutions Industry 4.0 should be used for critical thinking of students and pupils. Didactic methods based on computer games are included in the new 4.0 education. Therefore, education systems should be improved in such a way that they make the most use of techniques known from the currently occurring technological progress known as Industry 4.0.
On the other hand, as part of the technological revolution of Industry 4.0, other technologies are also being developed that should be effectively implemented in modern education tools to improve education systems and adapt to new technologies that are currently dynamically developing and are being implemented in industry. In addition, these new Industry 4.0 technologies should also enrich the workshop of scientists in research laboratories of universities and schools. Scientific research in the field of new technologies, innovations, etc. should also be correlated with Industry 4.0. In view of the above, the education system should be improved in such a way that as much synergy and correlation as possible between the current technological revolution of Industry 4.0 and the reformed systems of new education 4.0 arise. One of these areas of new teaching techniques are the above-mentioned computer games. In many training centers, e.g. in the field of training pilots, drivers, astronauts, aircraft flight controllers, etc., simulators referring technologically to modern computer games are used. Therefore, computer games should be used in the process of improving teaching techniques in 4.0 education systems.
In addition, new online media can be used in education processes. Pupils and students use social media portals to exchange information useful for education. In addition, on Facebook, pupils and students create group profiles where they post joint didactic materials. In addition, they create survey forms for the needs of surveys, the results of which are used for written theses and final essays.
An important issue of this issue is also measuring the impact of digital technology, including new online media on the teaching process and the effects of the education process. The measurement of the impact of digital technology, including new online media on the teaching process and the effects of the education process can be based on a comparison of grades obtained over a given period of time, in a specific educational process supported by the use of new online media, social media portals and other technologies typical of the digital age. These technologies currently include mainly these new technological solutions, rationalization improvements, innovations etc. regarding, among others advanced data processing, including data obtained from the Internet, data processing in the cloud, in Big Data database systems, using artificial intelligence, etc. These new advanced information processing technologies contribute to the current fourth technological revolution known as Industry 4.0.
Another important issue is the issue of communication using new online media to support education processes. The issue of communication using new online media is very important in the context of an effectively conducted education process. We currently communicate widely through various online media, including email. Some email inboxes that we use have anti-spam restrictions, which makes communication difficult. The development of communication through various internet media, also through social media portals, is an important issue in education. New media should be used effectively in the education process, but their technical specifications are not always fully relevant to the needs of communication development in the context of the education process being implemented. However, whenever possible, new online media should be used in education, because young people use them widely and can be an excellent additional tool in the field of teaching instruments, e.g. for the effective search of necessary, current information.
Another interesting issue is to examine the determinants of e-learning development. In my opinion, education, including education, university and vocational training of adults will develop mainly due to the fact that the economies of individual countries are changing faster, the structure and significance of individual sectors, branches and fields of activity in national economies is changing, in highly developed industrial branches of the economy are transferred to countries with lower labor costs, information technologies, IT and ICT, Internet information services are developing rapidly in developed countries, etc. Therefore labor markets are changing, new branches of the service sphere are emerging, new professional professions are emerging in the field of internet information services and advanced data processing in information systems. People are increasingly changing jobs and professions. A small part of the society works throughout one life in one company, in one profession, in one field of economic activity, in one profession. People are increasingly following the rapidly changing national economies, changing jobs, changing jobs, companies, cities, etc. Therefore, more and more people have to retrain and have to train. Increasingly, adults benefit from training and postgraduate studies to obtain a new profession, a new profession and a new interesting job. On the other hand, colleges and schools of continuing and vocational education adapt their educational offers to the changing labor market, to the changing demand from employees employed in specific companies, at specific jobs. Colleges and schools, observing the rapid development of Internet information services, create offers of studies and training conducted via the Internet in the e-learning system. It is a convenient form of training for people above all adults, working and often living outside a large urban agglomeration, in a different city, town, village etc. than the university city.
Therefore, modern internet e-learning platforms are currently being developed on the Internet. Systems and internet e-learning platforms are organized in different ways. Most e-learning platforms are organized as communication platforms containing databases of previously recorded lectures and developed didactic materials, prepared exercises and projects. At some universities, e-learning internet platforms are also being developed that contain intelligent solutions and didactic classes conducted in real time. Some colleges of this type modern online e-learning platforms are constantly improving by implementing computerized technologies for advanced data processing. Thanks to this type of solutions, it is possible to conduct lectures and other didactic classes remotely, via the Internet for students sitting at their computers at the same time at different places of the globe, living and working in different countries on different continents.
The development of ICT information technologies determines the development of e-learning. In my opinion, education, including education, university and vocational training of adults will develop mainly due to the fact that the economies of individual countries are changing faster, the structure and significance of individual sectors, branches and fields of activity in national economies is changing, in highly developed industrial branches of the economy are transferred to countries with lower labor costs, information technologies, IT and ICT, Internet information services are developing rapidly in developed countries, etc. Therefore labor markets are changing, new branches of the service sphere are emerging, new professional professions are emerging in the field of internet information services and advanced data processing in information systems. People are increasingly changing jobs and professions. A small part of the society works throughout one life in one company, in one profession, in one field of economic activity, in one profession. People are increasingly following the rapidly changing national economies, changing jobs, changing jobs, companies, cities, etc. Therefore, more and more people have to retrain and have to train. Increasingly, adults benefit from training and postgraduate studies to obtain a new profession, a new profession and a new interesting job. On the other hand, colleges and schools of continuing and vocational education adapt their educational offers to the changing labor market, to the changing demand from employees employed in specific companies, at specific jobs. Colleges and schools, observing the rapid development of Internet information services, create offers of studies and training conducted via the Internet in the e-learning system. It is a convenient form of training for people above all adults, working and often living outside a large urban agglomeration, in a different city, town, village etc. than the university city.
Therefore, modern internet e-learning platforms are currently being developed on the Internet. Systems and internet e-learning platforms are organized in different ways. Most e-learning platforms are organized as communication platforms containing databases of previously recorded lectures and developed didactic materials, prepared exercises and projects. At some universities, e-learning internet platforms are also being developed that contain intelligent solutions and didactic classes conducted in real time. Some colleges of this type modern online e-learning platforms are constantly improving by implementing computerized technologies for advanced data processing. Thanks to this type of solutions, it is possible to conduct lectures and other didactic classes remotely, via the Internet for students sitting at their computers at the same time at different places of the globe, living and working in different countries on different continents.
Computer games should be used as a teaching instrument. However, not all types of games, only those games that are developed as educational games, simulators of specific events and processes and others that do not inspire students to negative activity, when without content and graphics that inspire violence, negative social attitudes. Games used in educational processes should be specially produced for this purpose and during the production of their content and graphics should be consulted with pegagogues and curricula in schools and colleges. Games produced in this way should be a good additional education instrument and can be used in educational processes in schools and colleges.
In recent years, young people use desktop computers less often and more often with laptops and mobile devices or mainly use mobile devices, primarily smartphones. Are these changes in the use of devices with Internet access, and the increasing use of smartphones, conducive to the use of Internet communication, including social media portals and the use of Internet information resources, mean that young people significantly use the Internet as useful knowledge resources to the education process? Research shows that smartphones are equipped with new applications offering new types of information services, etc. Therefore, smartphones are less and less used for telephoning because the number of other functions and applications in the field of new Internet information services is increasing.
ICT information technologies, internet technologies and technologies for advanced processing of large data sets collected in Big Data database systems, processed with the use of Business Intelligence analytical platforms, with access to the analytical system through smartphones and other devices The Internet of Things is finding more and more applications in modern education. Therefore, the possibility of using smartphones as a tool supporting education is also an important issue. ICT information technologies and new media internet technologies, Industry 4.0 advanced data processing technologies, which are increasingly being implemented into educational processes and may also negatively impact pedagogical processes in schools. I also believe that the implementation of ICT information technologies, new media internet technologies, including social media portals and advanced data processing technology Industry 4.0 into educational processes can have a negative impact on the classical theory of children's mental development. Because in young children and adolescents, the process of adopting new concepts (thought process) in pre-school institutes extends from the perception of the senses (sight, hearing, touch), speech and direct manipulation of real objects (teaching resources), to create abstract concepts is the use of new information technologies ICT, Internet technologies and Industry 4.0 should be done under the full control of educators. Because in young children, this child must first "see the object in his head", he first had to "see it and touch with his hand" to learn, so devoting a significant amount of time to viewing various graphic and film spots, advertising on social media sites by children can cause negative effects in the psyche and in the child's psychosomatic development.
To answer the above questions, it is necessary to verify first of all the following question: Do children and young people use smartphones mainly for educational purposes as a tool for searching information related to knowledge learned at school, or rather a smartphone is a source of entertainment? Children and young people are increasingly using smartphones to, among others, contact their peers through social media portals such as Instagram, Facebook, Messenger, Snapchat, Pinterest and others. Many companies in the clothing, cosmetics, toy, perfumeries, etc. have already noticed that children and young people already constitute a significant market for the sale of products of various companies advertised on social networks. However, many studies already show that excessive use of smartphones by children and adolescents can negatively affect their psychophysical development. Many potential negative aspects of the use of smartphones by children and young people have already been defined.
For example, too much time allocated for the use of smartphones by children and young people for entertainment purposes, e.g. to conduct discussions with peers through social media portals and to play computer games reduces the time spent on physical activity and can be an important factor increasing obesity and deterioration of physical and mental health. In addition, children recently watch a lot of movies and cartoons on social networks, including smartphones. If children spend a lot of time on watching movies and cartoons on social networks, including smartphones, this can have a negative impact on the child's psycho-physical development, including causing deterioration of vision if they spend a lot of time watching movies, posts, comments, advertising banners on social networks viewed on your smartphone.
In recent years, there have been more and more situations of addiction of children and young people to the use of smartphones. The problem of youth addiction to smartphones is growing in many countries. A very negative effect is the rapidly growing number of road accidents caused by the fact that while driving a car, motorbike, bicycle drivers use smartphones and more and more pedestrians fall under the cars entering the road while viewing messages on smartphones. Therefore, in some countries more restrictive legal regulations are introduced, including, first of all, a ban on entering the road while looking at the smartphone. In addition, special lighting systems are installed in the pavements to inform about changing lights at pedestrian crossings on the roadways. In this respect, the educational role of parents and teachers in schools is also crucial in considering the impact of many hours of using smartphones by children on children's development.
Therefore, if children or young people use smartphones for learning as a tool to support the processes of education, communication with peers from school and friends, and if they use new internet media devices from time to time, it may not be assessed positively. However, if it divides or teenagers use smartphones many hours a day, among others, browsing advertisements on social media portals and worthless memes and films, then it can have a destructive impact on the intellectual and psychological development of children and youth. In this situation, the use of smartphones by children and youth should be limited and controlled by parents, guardians and teachers.
Therefore, the use of smartphones by children and young people should be subject to parental control. The need for this control results from the growing number of different information services available on smartphones, the growing number of children and adolescents dependent on the use of smartphones, the increase in the number of cases of neglecting school duties, the increase in the percentage of children diagnosed with vision defects caused by too long browsing of content posted on the Internet and read on a smartphone etc.
Therefore, information and communication technologies cannot replace every form and method of learning in the educational process of young children and young people. Of course, full implementation of ICT information technologies, new media internet technologies, including social media portals and advanced data processing technology Industry 4.0 into teaching processes in schools cannot be ruled out. This process is already underway. However, it is necessary to bring this process under the full control of educators, teachers and parents of children. Already, there is a lot of disturbing information from the media and from ongoing research on the effects of using new media internet technologies, including social media portals by children and young people. Children and teenagers mainly browse social media on smartphones. Many children spend too much time browsing social media portals on smartphones. The result is a reduction in the time spent on physical and sport activities, on learning, book readership decreases and the scale of diagnosed vision defects in adolescents in recent years. In this way, many problems arise that can affect the reduction of educational opportunities for children and adolescents. these problems should be solved systemically at all levels of the education system, i.e. from ministries of education to individual schools.
In addition, students and parents should be made aware of emerging threats through social campaigns in various media. Research shows that the process of implementing ICT information technologies, new media internet technologies, including social media portals and advanced data processing technologies, Industry 4.0 for teaching processes in schools has already begun. Of course, the use of ICT, Internet and Industry 4.0 technologies in education processes does not only generate negative aspects. Therefore, the central institutions of the education system should coordinate the development of these processes in such a way as to maximize the positive aspects of the implementation of ICT information technologies, new media internet technologies, including social media portals and advanced industry 4.0 data processing technology for teaching processes in schools. However, one should not forget about these negative aspects, about already diagnosed developing problems, which should be solved and educating teachers, students and parents about potential threats.
Activation for critical thinking of students is a particularly important determinant of effective education. Modern education instruments are important in this matter, thanks to which analytical techniques, brainstorming, debates, discussions, etc. used in the education process of pupils and students are developed. These techniques should also develop creativity, innovation and teamwork. In my opinion, activation of critical thinking of students and pupils, development of discussion skills in debates, development of creativity, innovation and teamwork of pupils and students correlates perfectly with the development of the concept of modern education 4.0. Currently, in the era of the technological revolution referred to as industry 4.0, new teaching concepts called education 4.0 are emerging.
On the other hand, dynamic development of social media portals on the Internet is currently underway. For young people using smartphones, social media portals are one of the main sources of information.
Probably the next stage in the development of social media portals will be the implementation of artificial intelligence into these portals and into search engines and creating applications such as interactive advisers on individual information websites. Social media portals are at some stages of education, in some education systems they are used to educate students on specific issues and according to the age of the students. But do they really help in the education process or are they just another teaching aid without a significant impact on the learning outcomes? Pupils and students use social media portals to exchange information useful for education. In addition, on Facebook, pupils and students create group profiles where they post joint didactic materials. In addition, they create survey forms for the needs of surveys, the results of which are used for written theses and final essays.
In connection with the above, another key question arises:
Should new online media be used in education processes? In my opinion, yes, new online media should be used in education processes. The issue of communication using new online media is very important in the context of an effectively conducted education process. We currently communicate widely through various online media, including email. Some email inboxes that we use have anti-spam restrictions, which makes communication difficult. The development of communication through various internet media, also through social media portals, is an important issue in education. New media should be used effectively in the education process, but their technical specifications are not always fully appropriate for the needs of communication development in the context of the implemented education process. However, whenever possible, new online media should be used in education, because young people use them widely and can be an excellent additional tool in the field of teaching instruments, e.g. for the effective search of necessary, current information.
In solutions regarding the use of smartphones as instruments used in didactics, the following should also be taken into account: During some lessons it may be for a certain period of time, in certain situations of didactic games or presentation of specific processes and lesson topics, the teacher may allow the use of devices such as virtual reality spheres and augmented reality. In addition, the teacher may also include other mobile devices such as laptops, tablets, smartphones, etc. in the education process. In specific situations, these devices would play the role of teaching instruments to support the teaching processes conducted by the teacher. However, if the use of laptops, tablets, smartphones, smartwatches etc. during school lessons is not a teaching instrument, it is not part of the educational process, it should be prohibited during the lesson to use these devices. Using laptops, tablets, smartphones, smartwatches and other mobile devices enabling browsing the Internet resources during the lesson may interfere with students' active participation in the lesson and the teacher may be distracted in conducting the lesson. On the other hand, during some lessons it may be for a certain period of time, in certain situations of searching for information on the Internet, the teacher may allow the use of these devices if laptops, tablets, smartphones, etc. would act as didactic instruments enabling finding the necessary information.
On the other hand, thanks to information technologies, new online media and Industry 4.0 technologies, the logistics of information and communication between institutions and enterprises is being improved. The improvement of communication between individuals, institutions and enterprises is achieved through the use of new online information and communication media in combination with the Internet of Things technology. The current development of mobile devices, mainly smartphones and their applications for international communication and information transfer makes it possible to improve information logistics. Therefore, the use of online new media technologies and advanced information processing technologies, i.e. industry 4.0 typical for the current technological revolution, can significantly increase the efficiency of communication processes between cooperating members of national and international working teams in institutions and enterprises.
In connection with the above, there are also many positive applications of smartphones, including those used to support the development of science. Smartphones facilitate communication between scientists and facilitate the search for scientific information that can be useful for conducting scientific research. Smarfons are increasingly replacing laptops and other computers. In a situation where scientists, teachers, students and students would smartly search and read publications published e.g. on the Research Gate website, this is a perfect, positive example of using a smartphone as a tool supporting the processes of education and science development.
It is worth adding the following issue to these considerations. At present, smartphones dominate in the use of communication and the use of various information services. In addition, some Internet users also use tablets and smatwatches. Google glasses with Internet access a few years ago were to be an innovative hit that would revolutionize the mobile Internet, but they did not get adopted on a larger scale. Perhaps no significant demand has arisen for this type of device yet. Perhaps this will change in the future. Perhaps the era of this type of mobile devices will appear in the future when the next generations of compatible devices will appear and 5G Internet will become more widespread.
According to the above, in my opinion the impact of everyday use of smartphones by young people can significantly modify and shape the social behavior of young people. However, what will be the effects of this impact and changes in social behavior, ways of communication between people, i.e. whether they will be socially and psychophysically positive or rather negative effects, it depends on many factors that I described above.
Summarizing the issue of determinants of the implementation of ICT and Industry 4.0 technologies in education processes, I formulated the following conclusions: Well, in recent years the impact of the implementation process of ICT information technologies, new media internet technologies, including social media portals and advanced data processing technology Industry 4.0 has been noticed in teaching processes in schools. I fully agree with the thesis that ICT information technologies and new media internet technologies, Industry 4.0 advanced data processing technologies, which are increasingly being implemented into educational processes and may also negatively affect pedagogical processes in schools. I also believe that the implementation of ICT information technologies, new media internet technologies, including social media portals and advanced data processing technology Industry 4.0 into educational processes can have a negative impact on the classical theory of children's mental development. Because in young children and adolescents, the process of adopting new concepts (thought process) in pre-school institutes extends from the perception of the senses (sight, hearing, touch), speech and direct manipulation of real objects (teaching resources), to create abstract concepts is the use of new information technologies ICT, Internet technologies and Industry 4.0 should be done under the full control of educators. Because in young children, this child must first "see the object in his head", he first had to "see it and touch with his hand" to learn, so devoting a significant amount of time to viewing various graphic and film spots, advertising on social media sites by children can cause negative effects in the psyche and in the child's psychosomatic development.
Therefore, information and communication technologies cannot replace every form and method of learning in the educational process of young children and young people. Of course, full implementation of ICT information technologies, new media internet technologies, including social media portals and advanced data processing technology Industry 4.0 into teaching processes in schools cannot be ruled out. This process is already underway. However, it is necessary to bring this process under the full control of educators, teachers and parents of children. Already, there is a lot of disturbing information from the media and from ongoing research on the effects of using new media internet technologies, including social media portals by children and young people. Children and teenagers mainly browse social media on smartphones. Many children spend too much time browsing social media portals on smartphones. The result is a reduction in the time spent on physical and sport activities, on learning, book readership decreases and the scale of diagnosed vision defects in adolescents in recent years. In this way, many problems arise that can affect the reduction of educational opportunities for children and adolescents. these problems should be solved systemically at all levels of the education system, i.e. from ministries of education to individual schools. Students and parents should be made aware of emerging threats through social campaigns in various media. Research shows that the process of implementing ICT information technologies, new media internet technologies, including social media portals and advanced data processing technologies, Industry 4.0 for teaching processes in schools has already begun. Of course, the use of ICT, Internet and Industry 4.0 technologies in education processes does not only generate negative aspects. Therefore, the central institutions of the education system should coordinate the development of these processes in such a way as to maximize the positive aspects of the implementation of ICT information technologies, new media internet technologies, including social media portals and advanced industry 4.0 data processing technology for teaching processes in schools. However, one should not forget about these negative aspects, about already diagnosed developing problems, which should be solved and educating teachers, students and parents about potential threats.
Improving education processes and implementing modern information technologies Industry 4.0 is necessary in the context of the development of modern education 4.0. The current technological revolution referred to as Industry 4.0 is determined by the development of the following advanced information processing technologies: Big Data database technologies, cloud computing, machine learning, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, Business Intelligence and other advanced technologies of Data Mining. Some of these new information technologies are already being used in education 4.0.
Regardless of the issue of effectiveness and efficiency of the implementation of ICT and Industry 4.0 technologies in education systems and tools, the teacher is still the most important factor in good education. In addition, the issues of charisma, high moral standards and other positive personal qualities of the teacher are important in the context of well-implemented education processes. Therefore, it is important to transfer knowledge to pupils in an objective and interesting way in such a way as to interest pupils and students in specific key issues in specific subjects and issues.
Modern educational processes should activate pupils and students to a creative approach in solving tasks, they should activate to work in a group, to improve the skills of effective search for necessary information from various knowledge resources, to improve the skills of active participation in discussions, debates, brainstorming, etc., to activate entrepreneurship and create innovative solutions as part of individual and / or team projects implemented during the teaching processes. Of course, the role of the teacher in the educational process is very important. Without a good teacher, characterized by charisma, high moral standards and other positive personal traits, even the most modern teaching instruments will not provide good education. The teacher's role is key. The teacher should be a good guide, mentor and objective advisor for his pupils, for his pupils and students. The teacher should be respected by his students and should be appreciated for his professionalism in the good implementation of teaching processes. In line with the above, in my opinion, effective and efficient implementation of ICT and Industry 4.0 technologies into education systems and tools can significantly increase the effectiveness of educational processes.
I am currently conducting research in the field of analyzing the significance of the implementation of ICT and Industry 4.0 technologies into education systems and tools can significantly increase the effectiveness of educational processes, specifically the use of technical devices and teaching resources and the use of available IT devices by students, including mobile devices, smartphones as aids in the education process. Does any of you conduct research in similar issues or in other topics?
If in similar, similar topics, I invite you to cooperation.
Thank you very much.
Best wishes.
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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