Water productivity: it is defined as maximization of yield per unit of water or as the ratio of the mass of marketable yield (Ya) to the volume of water consumed by the crop (ETc).

Water productivity (W@P) was calculated as the ratio of the crop yield to the total seasonal irrigation water applied (m3/ha) using equation (1):

WP (kg/m3) = Yield (kg /ha

Total water applied (m3/ha)

In general, Water productivity assesses the overall efficiency of water use in generating valuable outcomes kg/m3, while water use efficiency specifically measures how effectively water is used to promote plant growth or yield.

• Water use efficiencyThe ratio of water used to the amount of water allocated for a specific use. WUE is a measure of how well a crop system uses water to produce plant biomass or grain. It includes both rainfall and water stored in the soil during the growing season. WUE can be improved by using technological changes, such as installing a high efficiency showerhead.
• Water productivityThe ratio of output (such as biomass, crop yield, or revenue) to the amount of water used to produce it. Water productivity is a measure of how much value is created per unit of water consumed. It takes into account the nutritional and socio-economic value of the output. Water productivity can be improved by obtaining more kilograms per unit of transpiration.

Water Use Efficiency (WUE) and Water Productivity (WP)are metrics for water management with distinct definitions and implications:

1. Water Use Efficiency (WUE):

- Definition: WUE quantifies how effectively water is utilized in a process, comparing water applied to the amount contributing to the desired outcome, such as plant growth or yield.

-Focus: It aims to reduce water loss through evaporation, runoff, or seepage, ensuring maximum water utility for the intended purpose.

- Example: In agriculture, WUE is the ratio of crop yield to water used in irrigation; higher efficiency indicates less water wastage.

2. Water Productivity (WP):

- Definition: WP measures the economic or physical output produced per unit of water used, emphasizing both quantity and quality of water.

- Focus: It prioritizes maximizing output or benefit from water use over mere efficiency.

- Example: In agriculture, WP is the ratio of crop yield or revenue to water used, reflecting the value obtained from each unit of water appl

Key Difference:

WUE focuses on minimizing water loss and maximizing water use efficiency, while, WP emphasizes optimizing the output or value derived from water use.

Water productivity can be explained as the quantity of yield produced by the crop in relation to the value of water used in the production process.