A key difference for LIBS between CCD [for example Ocean Optics/Avantes] and ICCD [for example Andor] is the spectra integration/accumulation time.

For CCD systems, this is typically 1ms.

For ICCD systems  [by controlling the time the intensifier is active], this can be

A key difference for LIBS between CCD [for example Ocean Optics/Avantes] and ICCD [for example Andor] is the spectra integration/accumulation time.

For CCD systems, this is typically 1ms.

For ICCD systems  [by controlling the time the intensifier is active], this can be

Dear Prof. Baig

I agree with Dr. Body. ICCD is needed once you need temporal evolution study of the emission. Particularly the time evolution of the emission from different species in the plasma may be different. In the case of CCD camera all the emission lines will be observed at a time. Now you have to choose the system you needed on the basis of limitations and availability of funds.  However, having ICCD camera with LIBS system  is always better.

With regards 

Dear Dr. Body and Rai

many thanks for the reply. Body, you just forgot to write the liks for the great work of Sabsabi....I will appreciate some more material on this subject: CCD versus ICCD

Aslam

Prof Baig,

Apologies - seems I lost the reference/link while editing my answer.

Reference is:

M. Sabsabi, R. Héon, L. St-Onge, Critical evaluation of gated CCD detectors for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis, Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, Volume 60, Issues 7–8, 31 August 2005, Pages 1211-1216, ISSN 0584-8547, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2005.05.030.

(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S058485470500159X)

Doug

Dear Doug Body,

thanks for sharing the link.

best wishes,

Aslam

Dear Prof. Baig,

one more advantage for LIBS using time-gated detectors is the possible discrimination between atomic emission lines (detected usually up to delays of approx. 10 microsec) and molecular emission bands (typically detected for delays longer than 10 microsec). ICCD + Echelle spectrometer systems (e.g. by Lasertechnik Berlin) offer both excellent time gating and high spectral resolution. The intensifier can be coupled to other spectrometers, e.g. systems with lower resolution which are less expensive. In a recent paper we have compared CCD with ICCD detectors for trace element detection with LIBS (Spectrochimica Acta Part B Atomic Spectroscopy 74–75 (2012) 51–56, DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2012.06.011).

Best regards,

Johannes Pedarnig

Dear Prof. Pendarnig,

Many thanks for the information. Indeed I understand the difference but ICCD is very expensive to acquire. Do you have any alternative solution to get the information with CCD that can be achieved by ICCD.  This is due to my limited budget for purchasing equipment.

best regards,

Aslam

Dear Prof. Baig,

if your CCD-based system allows triggering of the start time of detection, you could measure spectra S at different start times (t1, t2, etc) and then analyse the difference spectra S(t1)-S(t2). We tried this once, it gave us some (limited) information on the formation of  molecular emission bands (time scale microsec). As far as I know the company Avantes (and maybe other companies as well) offers compact spectrometers with time gated detection (microsec range) which are less expensive than the "bigger" systems with high resolution and nanosec gating.

Best regards,

Johannes Pedarnig

Dear Prof. Pedarnig,

Thanks for the information. We tried to acquire spectra as you have suggested and we have written a paper on this subject which is in press at the moment. I do have Avantes spectrometer but I am having a problem in getting the time gated detection. Its integration time is 2 microseconds which is too long however we can set the delay with the help of SRS delay generator.

I will appreciate your help in this matter.

best regards,

Aslam

Dear Prof. Pedarnig,

As I mentioned in my previous answer, the paper is now printed. It is attached for your suggestions and comments. Please suggest it it the correct way or do you have any other suggestion.

With best regards and looking forward for your positive response.

Aslam