Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes occur during pregnancy, impacting drug metabolism, distribution, and response in pregnant patients. Understanding these changes is crucial for safe and effective medication management during pregnancy. Here's an overview of the key alterations:

In summary, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes during pregnancy can influence drug metabolism, distribution, and response, posing challenges for medication management in pregnant patients. Clinicians must consider these alterations when prescribing medications, adjusting dosages, and monitoring therapeutic effects to optimize maternal and fetal outcomes while minimizing risks of adverse drug reactions. Close collaboration between obstetricians, anaesthesiologists, and pharmacists is essential for safe and effective medication use during pregnancy.