Dear Dr. Naser,

The main goal of the radioactive waste disposal process is to make sure that they cannot harm the population of the Earth. Therefore, the disposal technology is designed in such a way that radiation cannot escape from the repository.

In addition, waste can differ in the nature of radionuclides (alpha, beta, gamma) and state (liquid, solid). Gamma waste is somewhat easier to detect.

Thank you very much Dear Konstantin E. German

Dear Ramzy Saeed Mahbob Naser

A conventional handheld detector will only be able to detect typical radioactive waste drums to depths of e.g. 3 to 5 metres.

Look at my lecture notes (page 190 - 197):

https://e1.pcloud.link/publink/show?code=XZ3t1pZUvjYlHpir7Fju85vakqN1yEMAIok

Advanced methods such as Neutrino-AntiNeutrino coincidence counting may be able to see deeper, but is not generally available.

Kind regards

Johann van Rooyen

Thank you very much Dear Johann van Rooyen

Dear colleague

I see no hope to detect deeply buried radioactive waste by its radiation emission, even neutrinos, because of the ubiquitous natural background. The thick layer of rocks between the repository and the surface is not only an efficient shielding, but also a very significant radioactive source with alpha, beta and gamma emitters.

Probably the existence of the repository structure, not its radioactivity, might be revealed by seismologic methods, but this is far from my expertise.

Very grateful to you, dear François Tondeur, thank you for your answer.

Dear Dr. Ramzy Saeed Mahbob Naser , I agree with my Dear Konstantin E ,German researcher

Thank you very much Dear Ali Kalaf Aobaid

If you are detecting using radiation emissions, you might have higher chances detecting waste being transported to the site and manipulated and temporatily stored there before going underground.

Thank you Dear Michal Vojtisek-Lom

Dear Ramzy!

I think it's impossible. Remote sensing is used to study the surface of the earth. Nuclear waste is at depth. Remote sensing cannot detect radiation from nuclear waste. This requires specialized equipment. But as I see, many scientists have already answered you about this)

Hi Andrey, yes, radionuclides, especially strong sources, will influence VLF radio-fields, allowing the detection at some skin depth, e.g. 5-150 m depths. VLF-EM is a remote sensing method, which can be used with UAV system and helicopter with larger spacing for detection or by walking/snow machine transects at smaller spacing; the later is better, since you will need 2.5, 5, 10 m spacing for useful results of old drums, etc.

Hey Nick. It is necessary to study very carefully and in detail the phenomena that occur in the geological environment during nuclear radiation and which can be fixed by the VLF method. This is a hot topic!

Dear Dr. Naser

I thinks It is not possible to detect nuclear radiation thorough satellite imagery and sensing. However some recent papers presents a novel method to detect radioactive waste sites based on a set of prominent features generated from high-resolution remote sensing data in combination with a random forest (RF) classifier. you can go thorough following link....

Article Detection of radioactive waste sites in the Chornobyl exclus...

Thank you very much Dear Pargin Bangotra