Yes, if you are interested in the dislocation density then it makes sense to have this as a (direct) internal state variable. The most suitable constitutive description among the alternatives offered in DAMASK would be "dislotwin". Assuming you are using DAMASK3, the output you are looking for can be requested in the phase description (i.e. in material.yaml) by stating
output: [rho_mob, rho_dip]
This will trigger these two quantities being stored (per activated slip system) in the resulting HDF5 file.
Please see "examples/config/Phase_Dislotwin_TWIP-Steel-FeMnC.yaml" relative to the DAMASK root-folder for more details.