Zainab,

This article by Van Hoeck et al. (2015) may help with your question:

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00420/full

I found the Introduction provides good background on the subject.

Mary Grace Erickson very much for your help

Counterfactual Thinking is when you reason "contrary to the facts" - ask "what if" and reason possible outcomes. Social Psychology uses the concept to study decisions and how people assign credit or blame. At the shift from childhood to adolescence, Developmental Psychology studies this concept as part of "hypothetico-deductive reasoning" and "formal operational thought." Hope this helps some, Zainab. ~ Kevin