1- Human and AI Translations

2- Limitations of Machine Based Translations

3- The Use of Lexical Choices in AI-Based Translations

4- Emotional Elements in AI-Based Translations

I definitely agree with Muhammad Amjad Bashir . I would also add the fact that inexperienced translators (most likely students in Translation Studies) take AI-generated and machine translation too "seriously" and do not have a critical approach towards their output. This means that the role of lecturers has now become (amongst others) the one "sensibilisers". They have to develop students' skills to critically analyse machine-generated target texts and equip them with the right tools to cater for the shortcomings of automated output. This means using an array of (digital) resources, amongst which are (sector-based, if applicable) dictionaries, corpora, experts' forums, etc.

Thank you Muhammad Amjad Bashir for sharing your insights! I appreciate your points, especially the emphasis on the role of AI in translation. However, I would like to say something about your third point, "The use of lexical choices in AI-based translations." It seems closely related to the second point, "Limitations of machine-based translations," as lexical choices are often a subset of the broader limitations of machine translation. For instance, the inability of AI to fully grasp contextual meaning often results in inadequate lexical selections, which can fall under the broader category of machine limitations.

Thank you Prof. Patrizia Giampieri for your thoughtful addition. I agree that developing a critical approach to AI-generated translations is a key challenge in translation studies, especially for students who over-rely on machine output. Educators play a vital role as "sensibilisers," equipping students with the skills and resources to bridge the gap between machine and human translation. Building on your point, students should also engage in post-editing machine translations to develop their critical skills by addressing AI shortcomings like mistranslations or loss of meaning.

Your suggestion highlights the need to adapt teaching methods as translation technologies advance. I would love to hear how you think these strategies can be effectively implemented in curricula!

Current issues in Translation

Translation studies, an interdisciplinary field that examines the complexities of translating texts from one language to another, continues to evolve in response to changing societal, technological, and cultural contexts. In this writeup some current issues in translation are identified which includes the impact of technology on translation, the role of power and ideology in translation, and the challenges of translating cultural and linguistic diversity.

One current issue in translation studies id the impact of technology on translation. The rise of machine translation and computer-assisted translation tools has transformed industry, enabling faster and more efficient translation processes (O'Hagan, 2013,p.12). However this increased reliance on technology also raises concerns about quality and accuracy of machine-generated translations Gambier,2013,p.23). As Croin (2013) notes, 'the increasing use of machine translation raises important questions about the future of human translation and the role of translators in the digital age"(P.15).

Another issue in translation studies is the role of power and ideology in translation. Translation is often seen as a neutral, objective process, but in reality, translators are influenced by their own cultural, social, and ideological biases (Bassnett and Lefevere, 1990,p. 10). As Venuti (1995) argues, 'translation is a process of cultural and ideological negotiation, and translators must be aware of the power dynamics involved in translation process" (p.20). This awareness is particularly important in contexts where translation is used as a tool of cultural imperialism or ideological manipulation.

A third current issue in translation studies is the challenge of translating cultural and linguistic diversity. As cultures and languages become increasingly interconnected, translators must navigate complex webs of cultural reference and linguistic nuance (Tymoczk,2007,p.15). As Simon (2012) notes, "translation is not one language to another but of negotiating complex cultural and linguistic differences " (p.25).

In conclusion, translation is a dynamic and evolving field that continues to grapple with complex issues and challenges. From the impact of technology in translation to the role of power and ideology in translation, and the challenges of translating cultural and linguistic diversity, translation scholars and practitioners must remain attuned to the changing contexts complexities of translation.