Five Major Greenhouse Gases

Carbon dioxide. Accounting for almost 80 percent of global human-caused emissions, carbon dioxide sticks around for quite a while. ...

1. Methane. ...

2. Nitrous oxide. ...

3. Fluorinated gases. ...

4. Water vapor.

Several approaches exist for measuring greenhouse gases (GHGs), mainly CO2, N2O, and CH4, from soil surfaces The principle methods that are used to measure GHG from sites are chamber-based techniques

Both open and closed chamber techniques are in use; however, the majority of field applications use closed chambers.The main characteristic of the gas that makes it a greenhouse gas (GHG) is that it absorbs infrared radiation emitted by the Earth after it is heated by the Sun. Each gas has a unique absorption fingerprint that can be used to identify and measure that gas. So, for example, if we filter the output of an infrared camera to target the fingerprint of a gas it will appear as a dark cloud in the image

If we want to measure the amount of gas, not just see that it is there, we need to create an optical path over a known distance. We can then measure the reduction in light intensity and calculate the total amount of gas between the source and detector. This is done either by taking a sample of the atmosphere at a point and injecting it into a measurement cell, which tells us the concentration of the gas at that point, or by transmitting a beam of light through the atmosphere – which tells us the concentration of the gas at it. Tells the total quantity.

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Dear

Suneel Kumar

Collecting greenhouse gases (GHGs) from gas sampling involves capturing samples of air or gas from various sources and analyzing them to measure the concentration of specific greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). There are several methods used to collect greenhouse gases for analysis:

· Air Sampling: Air sampling involves collecting samples of ambient air from outdoor environments or indoor spaces. This can be done using air sampling pumps and filters, sorbent tubes, or gas sampling bags. Air samples are typically collected at various locations and heights to assess spatial variations in GHG concentrations.

· Emission Sampling:Emission sampling involves collecting samples of air or gas directly from emission sources such as industrial facilities, power plants, landfills, and agricultural operations. Sampling probes, hoods, or extraction systems are used to capture emissions from stacks, vents, or other emission points for analysis.

· Soil Gas Sampling: Soil gas sampling involves collecting samples of gases emitted from soils, such as CO2 and CH4, using gas sampling probes or chambers. Soil gas samples can be collected at various depths and locations to assess GHG emissions from different soil types and land uses.

· Water Sampling: Water sampling involves collecting samples of dissolved gases from surface water bodies, groundwater, or wastewater effluents. Water samples are typically collected using water sampling bottles or devices and analyzed for dissolved GHG concentrations.

· Biological Sampling:Biological sampling involves collecting samples of gases emitted from biological sources such as plants, animals, and microorganisms. This can include collecting plant tissue samples for analysis of carbon isotope ratios or collecting gas samples from animal breath or microbial activity in soil or water.

· Flux Chamber Sampling: Flux chamber sampling involves using chambers placed over soil surfaces or vegetation to capture and measure GHG emissions directly. Flux chambers can be static or dynamic and are equipped with sensors or sampling ports to collect gas samples for analysis.

· Passive Sampling:Passive sampling involves using passive sampling devices such as diffusion tubes, sorbent tubes, or passive samplers to collect air or gas samples over time. Passive samplers are often deployed in outdoor environments or indoor spaces for long-term monitoring of GHG concentrations.

Overall, the method of collecting greenhouse gases depends on the specific objectives of the study, the type of environment or source being sampled, and the analytical techniques used for GHG analysis. Proper sampling and handling techniques are essential to ensure the accuracy and reliability of GHG measurements for climate research, environmental monitoring, and regulatory compliance.