The chi-square test is a statistical test used to determine whether there is a significant association between two categorical variables. It is commonly used for hypothesis testing in which the null hypothesis is that there is no association between the two variables, and the alternative hypothesis is that there is an association.

The chi-square test can also be used for comparison analysis, specifically to compare the distribution of observed data with the expected distribution. In this case, the null hypothesis is that there is no significant difference between the observed and expected distributions.

Therefore, the chi-square test can be used for both correlation and comparison analysis, depending on the research question and the type of data being analyzed. If the research question is focused on examining the relationship between two categorical variables, then the chi-square test can be used to test for correlation. If the research question is focused on comparing the distribution of observed data with expected data, then the chi-square test can be used for comparison analysis.

In summary, the chi-square test can be used for both correlation and comparison analysis, but the specific application depends on the research question and the type of data being analyzed.

Thank you Hammad

Are the calculation process are same for correlation or comparison purpose? (If we calculate manually by crosstab)

And also, how we conduct the analysis in SPSS? With Chi-square test in crosstabs menu or in non-parametric test?

Thank you in advance

And would you mind any references about Chi-square as correlation analysis? I mean which explain the reason behind it

There are different chi-square tests, used in different situations. The author should really indicate which is used.

But also, association and comparison may be the same thing. for example, if one variable in a contingency table is dichotomous (two-levels), a significant result can be interpreted as an association between these two variables, or that there is a difference between the two levels of that dichotomous variable.