I am trying to determine the training needs of Technical and vocational education (TVE) teacher trainees with regards to Education for sustainable development (ESD). First I would like to ascertain the perceptions of TVE teacher educators and TVE teacher trainees regarding their understanding of the concept of sustainable development. Since perception is subjective and varied, interviews appears to be the best approach to explore, however use of interviews will only be feasible for the teacher educators, but not very feasible for the teacher trainees due to language barriers and a very large sample size. The challenge hence is in developing a questionnaire that can adequately measure perceptions of ESD, or instead measuring attitude towards ESD. My question is, is there a way to develop an ESD perception questionnaire that can be measured on an ordinal scale or is ‘Attitude’ a better measurable construct than perception in this regards. Thank you

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