I will recommend using IES-R 22 items, scoring 0-1-2-3-4) for the assessment of specific posttraumatic stress symptoms and SCL-90-R for the assessment of general psychological distress. Use symptom intensity instead of frequency and use the same time frame (7 seven days) for both scales (Weiss, D., & Marmar, C. (1997). The Impact of Event Scale - Revised. In J. Wilson, & T. Keane (Eds.), Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD. New York: Guilford.) If you feel SCL-90-R is too large (90 items), you may use the shorter version Brief Symptom Inventory (52 or 56 items). I wish you good luck in deed! Sincerely Dagfinn Winje
Hi, you can try Psychological First Aid (PFA). Also may try to use Impact of Event Scale - Revised (there are two version: adult and children), if dealing with children you can use: Children's Trauma Assessment Center Screening Checklist: Identifying Children at Risk (ages 0-5), (ages 6-18), court report checklist: Trauma History, Trauma Symptoms an Treatment, The Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS), and also The Children's Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-13).
What do you mean with the whole mental scenario? Acute stress reactions?
J Trauma Stress. 1995 Jan;8(1):29-46.
When disaster strikes, acute stress disorder may follow.
Koopman C, Classen C, Cardeña E, Spiegel D.
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Abstract
During and immediately following a traumatic event, people may manifest a pattern of dissociative and anxiety symptoms and other reactions, referred to as Acute Stress Disorder. A review of the empirical literature on psychological reactions to trauma suggest that this pattern of symptoms has often been identified across different kinds of traumatic events. It is likely to constitute a psychological adaptation to a stressful event, limiting painful thoughts and feelings associated with the event and allowing the person to function at least minimally. Continuation of these symptoms, however, may impair the person's quality of life and disrupt social and other functioning. If symptoms last beyond a month following the traumatic event, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) may ensue, continuing for months or even years after the precipitating event. Hence, it is important to be able to identify this pattern of reactions that may be manifested in reaction to trauma, so that appropriate intervention can be provided. Although it was not officially recognized in the 3rd edition Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-III-R), Acute Stress Disorder is included as a separate diagnosis in the DSM-IV.
Br J Psychol. 2014
Impact of average household income and damage exposure on post-earthquake distress and functioning: A community study following the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake.
Dorahy MJ, Rowlands A, Renouf C, Hanna D, Britt E, Carter JD.
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress, depression and anxiety symptoms are common outcomes following earthquakes, and may persist for months and years. This study systematically examined the impact of neighbourhood damage exposure and average household income on psychological distress and functioning in 600 residents of Christchurch, New Zealand, 4-6 months after the fatal February, 2011 earthquake. Participants were from highly affected and relatively unaffected suburbs in low, medium and high average household income areas. The assessment battery included the Acute Stress Disorder Scale, the depression module of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), along with single item measures of substance use, earthquake damage and impact, and disruptions in daily life and relationship functioning. Controlling for age, gender and social isolation, participants from low income areas were more likely to meet diagnostic cut-offs for depression and anxiety, and have more severe anxiety symptoms. Higher probabilities of acute stress, depression and anxiety diagnoses were evident in affected versus unaffected areas, and those in affected areas had more severe acute stress, depression and anxiety symptoms. An interaction between income and earthquake effect was found for depression, with those from the low and medium income affected suburbs more depressed. Those from low income areas were more likely, post-earthquake, to start psychiatric medication and increase smoking. There was a uniform increase in alcohol use across participants. Those from the low income affected suburb had greater general and relationship disruption post-quake. Average household income and damage exposure made unique contributions to earthquake-related distress and dysfunction.
Post Scriptum: JAMA. 2013 Aug 7;310(5):507-18. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.107799.
Mental health response to community disasters: a systematic review.
North CS, Pfefferbaum B.
"Unlike physical injuries, adverse mental health outcomes of disasters may not be apparent, and therefore a systematic approach to case identification and triage to appropriate interventions is required. Symptomatic individuals in postdisaster settings may experience new-onset disaster-related psychiatric disorders, exacerbations of preexisting psychopathology, and/or psychological distress. Descriptive disaster mental health studies have found that many (11%-38%) distressed individuals presenting for evaluation at shelters and family assistance centers have stress-related and adjustment disorders; bereavement, major depression, and substance use disorders were also observed, and up to 40% of distressed individuals had preexisting disorders. Individuals with more intense reactions to disaster stress were more likely to accept referral to mental health services than those with less intense reactions. Evidence-based treatments are available for patients with active psychiatric disorders, but psychosocial interventions such as psychological first aid, psychological debriefing, crisis counseling, and psychoeducation for individuals with distress have not been sufficiently evaluated to establish their benefit or harm in disaster settings."
Dear Beatrice.....IES R tells us only about post traumatic phenomenology ....while post disaster psychological consequences involve widespread mental health consequences including depression, generalised anxiety, phobias and substance use and also PTSD....THAT IS WHAT I MEANT BY WHOLE MENTAL HEALTH SCENARIO......INFACT MEASURING RESILIENCE AND COPING IS ALSO SOMETHING WHICH I AM INTRESTED IN LOOKING AT AS PART OF MENTAL HEALTH SCENARIO
he has worked about post traumatic stress in Peru. I think he could recommend you a precise tool for your research interests. I wish you much success! Greetings!
Since much of the population in question is likely to be illiterate or marginally literate, you'll want to rely on interviews and clinician rating scales, not self-report measures.
Nino Makhashvili attached a really excellent resource I had not heard of. It seems to cover most of what you would want.
May I add my very best wishes for your work, and express my admiration?