Quantum entanglement (scary action at a distance) as I can understand it does not violate Special Theory of Relativity.
There are a few approaches to prove this, one of which is to combine quantum entanglement with the quantum principle of superposition of quantum states.
It's amazing how often this gets asked.
Quantum entanglement is a property of states in phase space, not spacetime, for one; and, in non-relativistic quantum mechanics, in which context the question is most often posed, special relativity doesn't play any role, whatsoever.
The framework to address the relation between entanglement and special relativity is within relativistic quantum mechanics, aka quantum field theory.
Ismail Abbas The first point to make is that there is a problem with the postulates of special relativity:
Preprint Special Relativity thought experiment
The problems are resolved by taking the medium of space as having a rest frame.
Preprint Space Rest Frame (March 2022)
Then when you consider entanglement from the perspective of the Spacetime Wave theory it becomes clear that the collapse of the entangled system takes place in the space rest frame K0.
Even though the entangled particles are spread out over some distance there is a wave connection between them which is lost when one of the particles is measured. This collapse is likely to be at the speed of light but it could be faster as this is a unique physical situation different from normal wave propagation at speed c. It would not be instantaneous.
Here is some background information about the Spacetime Wave theory:
Data Prerecording of Conference Presentation on the Unification of Physics
Richard
Dear Ismail Abbas
There is only 1 universe so your question is reasonable.
The basis of Special relativity is the constant speed of light and the relativity of time (actually not quantum time but the rate of change of observable/detectable phenomena in relation to other phenomena). Thus Einstein’s “time” isn’t identical to time at the smallest scale size (quantum time). This is important because quantum time is a constant, determined by h and c.
Special relativity is classic physics so there is no direct link with quantum theory except the constant speed of light because Einstein’s photon = Planck’s constant.
The Noble prize physics 2022 was awarded for the non-locality of our universe. A concept that is experimentally verified by experiments, for example quantum entanglement (e.g. 2 entangled electromagnetic waves with opposite polarization). Non-locality means that everything in the universe influences everything at exactly the same moment (like entanglement).
Einstein’s idea that the speed of light is the maximum velocity in the universe is related to the transfer of energy (n x h). Thus if we measure a velocity > c the question raises what we have actually measured. For example the “instantaneous” tunnelling of an atom within a barrier region
(https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2490-7). The article is available at arXiv.org too.
All these measurements are about detectable changes thus what we have measured are changes within the structure of the electromagnetic field. No matter if it is entanglement or tunnelling.
However, the pass on of a quantum of energy within the structure of the electromagnetic field has the constant speed of light. So it is a property of the structure of the electromagnetic field and not a property that is reserved for only electromagnetic waves. On the contrary, every transfer of a quantum in vacuum space has the speed of light. That means that all the quantum fluctuations that create the local amplitudes in vacuum space have the speed of light.
The electromagnetic field is a term that envelopes the universal electric field (the origin of the quanta of energy) and the corresponding magnetic field (vector field). The latter determines the direction of the quanta. Because both fields are corresponding fields a quantum of energy generates a corresponding vector in the magnetic field (and visa versa).
So there is only one conclusion possible. The vectors of the magnetic field are responsible for the “instantaneous” influence within the electromagnetic field. But Einstein’s theory of Special relativity isn’t about the vectors, it is about the quantum transfer at the speed of light.
Formally quantum entanglement doesn’t “bite” the theory of Special relativity. But we don’t have to be a genius to understand that the theory of Special relativity is totally outdated.
With kind regards, Sydney
There seems to be 2 ways around the observed ``spooky action at a distance''. The ``bi-photon'' type and the speed > light of a wave in a medium.
Croca, et al. seems close to experimentally support the ether is real model. I am also constructing a paper with an experiment that has been done with the same goal.
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