can we predict the magnetic properties of any compound by its chemical formula?
Not in general. This is, when taking your question literal, and taking "magnetic properties" as to represent the whole set of relevant magnetic materials properties one could think of.
But your question is so general (unspecific) that I find it impossible to give a useful answer.
For specific materials or classes of materials, one can make good, educated guesses or formulate some simple expectations as a kind of zero or first order "predictions" concerning some of the magnetic properties.
actually i want to ask can we distinguish ferromagnetic and anti ferromagnetic depending upon their chemical formula?
Not so readily, no. Take TM and RE oxides in the rocksalt structure, for example:
MnO, CoO, NiO are antiferromagnetic
EuO is a ferromagnet.
One needs to understand the relevant so-called exchange mechanisms which produce the coupling required for magnetic ordering. They may differ according to atomic structure:
alpha-Fe2O3 (hematite) is an antiferromagnet (zero net magnetization)
gamma-Fe2O3 (maghemite) is a ferrimagnet (nonzero net magnetization)
So, with only the chemical formula and no other knowledge my response - also for the reformulated question is "no".
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