Vocal organs consist of multiple parts that relate to bone structure, among other tissue types. Language ability is related not only to one's mental ability to formulate ways to communicate concepts but also to the physical characteristics of the vocal organ. Do the bone structures of early hominids suggest that they could or could not have made certain sounds found in modern languages?
I recommend this book:
Deacon, Terrence W. (1998), The symbolic species, the co-evolution of language and the brain, reprint, New York/London, W. W. Norton & Company.
Beyond providing a thorough context for evolutionary linguistics, Deacon mentions a few data pertinent to your question, although there doesn't seem to be evidence related to the production of specific phonemes.
"Though fossil speech sounds weren't left behind in the fossil record, we do have numerous measurements of the brain and body sized for each major hominid species. These data suggest that human vocal skills first exceeded the capabilities of any living non-human primate at least 2 million years ago, in the hominid fossil species Homo habilis, since this species marks the first significant upward shift in relative brain size [...]" (pp. 251, 252).
"One correlate of our greater cortical control over breathing appears to be an enlargement of the thoracic (chest) spinal cord as compared to other primates. [...] With a relative brain size intermediate between modern apes and modern humans, this erectus boy likely also had an intermediate level of cortical control over respiration [...]" (p. 252).
"The discovery of a Neanderthal hyoid bone and an analysis of the attachment facets [...] have provided evidence that they may have had a more modern vocal apparatus than previously suspected. [...]" (p. 372).
At the risk of being an Agent Provocateur I have asked a new question.
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Why_is_paleoanthropology_the_most_contentious_of_sciences
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