Hi Asghar,

Do you mean relative deformations within the excavations? Photogrammetry and LiDAR technology (Light Detection And Ranging) are capable of producing very detailed digital elevation models. You can compare models in time to estimate excavated volumes (if that is what you need) or to track relative slope deformations in time.

Try searching for AdamTech for photogrammetry information or Optech terrestrial scanning for LiDAR technology examples.

If it is the relative displacement of slopes for stability issues, ground-based radar is also widely used in mining. Look for ground probe, or IDS.

About the use of liar for slope monitoring, the researchers at Queen's University have been doing very interesting work. You might want to search for the latest work by Jean Hutchinson, Matt Lato, David Gauthier.

Hope this is a useful starting point.

Renato

Thanks a lot Mr Macciotta for very useful answer.My mean was excavation movement detection, but in situ detection that cannot distributed excavation process at all,and be small unit that every person in tunnel can install and used it simply. a unit with some sensor for relative movement detection in some points and a microchip for data analysis and graphic LCD for data and graph show ,sound like tunneling calculator with very low price.do you think is it possible?

Hi Asghar,

You can do both photogrammetry and LiDAR in underground excavations. These only take a few minutes depending on the equipment and dimension of the excavation. However, you need to have good visibility conditions (avoid dust).

If you want to measure tunnel convergence, using Shape Accelerometer Arrays (SAA) can give you continuous data of how the profile of the excavation deforms. It is not cheap however. Some people install LVDTs in the tunnel liners to back-calculate strains, but I guess you won't have liners in your mine adits. Surveying pins around the profile of excavation will require you to be behind the advancing operations so there is no disturbance of it. You could use radial extensometers, but take time to install and will not be cheap depending on how many points you want to measure. 

I think the cheapest would be photogrammetry. The camera can be set with the default settings for your particular project and then the operators can take photographs from the specified locations. It does requires a learning curve from whoever is in charge of the project. It won't be automatic however. 

I hope this helps. If you come up with a system that meets all the requirements you described, you can make a lot of money.

Renato

Thanks a lot Renato ,for helpful answer.It was really complete!!!!!!!!!