This is a huge question - and there is no straight forward answer.

Start with understanding pi conjugation and how the conjugation length influences the HOMO-LUMO band gap and band widths. Homologous Oligomeric series are always very instructive in understanding this (eg Oligoacenes)  The conjugation length and bandgap can be limited by the chemical structure (eg compare Oligoacenes with OligoPhenyls) , intrinsic electron phonon coupling or structural/macroscopic defects. "Conduction" is usually induced by chemical doping.

"Conjugated polymers like polyacetylene have alternating single and double bonds along the backbone. Translating double bonds forward by one unit results in an identical structure. The position of double bonds represents a broken symmetry. By doing this translating, one has transported an electron in each double bond one step along the chain. This requires doping, the removal or addition of a small fraction of the electrons. 

This is a huge question - and there is no straight forward answer.

Start with understanding pi conjugation and how the conjugation length influences the HOMO-LUMO band gap and band widths. Homologous Oligomeric series are always very instructive in understanding this (eg Oligoacenes)  The conjugation length and bandgap can be limited by the chemical structure (eg compare Oligoacenes with OligoPhenyls) , intrinsic electron phonon coupling or structural/macroscopic defects. "Conduction" is usually induced by chemical doping.

As mentioned in the previous notes, the explanation of the conduction i polyconjugated systems is based on the "band picture". The HOMO-LUMO gap decerases with increasing number of conjugated centers. In principle it should converge to zero, but the Peierls-distortion (a spontaneous alternation of the bond lengths) prevents it. If, however, the system is doped to p or n state, the system becomes conducitve.

http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/local/organic/tutorial/steinke/4yrPolyConduct2003.pdf

http://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument/9781852335106-c1.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-104548-p17627813.

http://www.eet.bme.hu/~mizsei/Nanoelektronika/polimer/Electronic%20structure%20of%20conjugated%20polymer%20consequences%20of%20.pdf

http://budker.berkeley.edu/Physics141_2013/AndersonDavidson%20-%20Conducting%20Polymers%204-25-2013.pdf

The last one is a short, but good introduction. The band structure is explained.

The link below will give an "easy to read" 7 pages article about conducting polymers. I think it answers the question when it explains charge storage, charge transport, and stability . Quote:(...doping of a conjugated polymer with bromine. Bromine it too powerful an oxidant and adds across the double bonds to form sp3 carbons.).

http://homepage.ntlworld.com/colin.pratt/cpoly.pdf

Thank you Dr. Nizar Matar.. Your material made me to get along with some idea about conducting polymers.

dear Saranya,

I worked with p-staked polymers...even if the monomeric units are not conjugated, due to the strong p-staked interaction between the monomeric units the conductivity in these polymers occurs for electron jumping...might be helpful to you to read some work on this type of polymers.

I suggest you:

Article: Highly Emissive Supramolecular Assemblies Based on π-Stacked Polybenzofulvene Hosts and a Benzothiadiazole Guest

Andrea Cappelli, Francesca Villafiorita-Monteleone, Giorgio Grisci, Marco Paolino, Vincenzo Razzano, Giuseppe Fabio, Germano Giuliani, Alessandro Donati, Raniero Mendichi, Antonella Boccia, Mariacecilia Pasini, Chiara Botta

[Show abstract]

Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 07/2014;

Article: Synthesis and characterization of charge-transporting p-stacked polybenzofulvene derivatives

Andrea Cappelli, Marco Paolino, Giorgio Grisci, Germano Giuliani, Alessandro Donati, Raniero Mendichi, Antonella Caterina Boccia, Chiara Botta, Wojciech Mroz, Filippo Samperi, Andrea Scamporrino, Gianluca Giorgi, Salvatore Vomero

[Show abstract]

Journal of Materials Chemistry 02/2012; 2012(22):9611.