Please can someone suggest how a nano particle can enter inside the nucleus without any targeting agent? What is the mechanism behind that?
I am not sure, but i don't think so nanoparticle (NP) itself goes to nucleus even with targeting moiety unless NP is degraded. In general NP is degraded before it reaches to nucleus and delivers their cargoes in to cytosol and they will reach nucleus if they can. Still i need to check whether np can enter the nucleus..
Nucleus is well protected against ANY elements from outside. It mainly depends on the pathway the NP enters cell (cytoplasm). If it uses ANY of the cytoplasmic pathways, to be able to enter nucleus in a targeted way, it has to have NLS signal on top of it to penetrate through nuclear wall (which is also very hard to make it stay stable). But if it enters without using any cellular pathways (without forming a vesicle to enter into cytoplasm), which is rarely seen event, it may (in a very low percentage) enter the nucleus if it is very very small to be able to get through double walled nuclear membrane.
But of course it depends on the reason of entry. For example if it is to disturb the genes, then it has to have some genetic material in it (which makes it similar to viruses, that cannot enter nucleus, but have to deliver their genes through nuclear wall)
dear sudip,
without any carrier and targeting agent, internalisation of NPs is not feasible. eventhough you are using the excipients which can cross cell membrane but internalisation of the NPs is the main issue. it needs a supporting material for internalisation.
regards
Hi Sudip,
If this can occur, this will most likely involve nanoparticles conjugated to cell penetrating peptides.
Try looking at: Araki et al. Cell-penetrating D-isomer peptides of p53 C-terminus: long-term inhibitory effect on the growth of bladder cancer. Urology 2010, 75, 813–819.
Best,
Josh
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