Nice question.
Rusitec is a good simulator of ruminal digestion of nutrients. Here, a recent example.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29415046/
Here, a summary of different techniques used for total digestibility. See table 4.1.
https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/174117/4/Chapter%204%20from%209780851998145%20-%20for%20S%20Lopez.pdf
And in this article you can find references to methodologies that use total CO2 production to measure diets digestibility from a point of view of intake and digestibility of diets
https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9010039
It will really depend on your aim. i.e. type of nutrient and the information that you would like to generate (research question). Sometimes, you might need to combine different techniques.
Good luck!
Dear José Alberto Laporte Uribe,
Thank you for your answer. Our aim is considering the effect of toxin binder on removal of mycotoxins.
Perhaps, the method then is simpler. You might need to incubate fresh samples of rumen fluid in anaerobic tubes or flask and spike the cultives with your toxins and binders. Use samples from fistulated cattle that has similar feeding conditions to the ones that you would like to simulate.
Here a reference for incubation conditions.
Article In Vitro Rumen Simulations Show a Reduced Disappearance of D...
Once you have the dosage figure out, you can move on into more complex systems. Do not underestimate the effect ruminal physicochemical conditions on the inhibition of your binder. You might need to adjust your dosage in vivo.
Good luck!
Thank you very much for your good answer. I'm going to test toxin binder in vitro. The mycotoxins that are investigated in this project are aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone and DON. Toxin binders are bentonite, humic acid and beta glucan alone and their mixture. In studies, I found an article that simulated conditions in a pig's stomach (attached file). The situation was not very complicated. Is it possible for me to use these conditions?
Sorry, the answer is no. The rumen of cattle is different to the pig's stomach. You won´t be able to duplicate the conditions in the rumen with those protocols. Perhaps the best place to start is:
Book The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem
Do not read it all. just have a look at this chapter "Digestive disorders and nutritional toxicity by Dawson et al., it will explain a little better what you will try to achieved with your treatments. (but yes. it is the best book about ruminants, as far as I am aware, sorry to other authors of excellent publications).
Dear Dr. José Alberto Laporte Uribe,
What is your idea about the attachment file that is another method for simulates the digestion procedure?
Sincerely,
Dear Javad,
The work that you quote Article In vitro assessment of the capacity of certain mycotoxin bin...
Refers to an experiment to understand the effect on aminoacids (AA) availability in the gastrointestinal tract after exposure to a mycotoxin binder. If that is the goal to be sure that your product might not have an adverse effect on the absorption of nutrients, this is a good protocol. The main site of absorption of AA is the small intestine in ruminants, after digestion in the abomasum (acid digestion).
On the other hand, if your goal is to see if the mycotoxin binder has an effect on reducing toxins availability... you might want to simulate conditions in the forestomach (rumen) as this will be the place where the binding process might take place.
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/6/405
Regards,
José