For each organism it is different, refer to the natural temperature changes that your plant experience. Then you can choose the lowest temperature range as a cold stress temperature range and then narrow down to find the temperature causing stress in your plant. It is very important how you define stress as well.
I think if you could look into temperature condition in the natural habitat of that species, it could give you a good idea to pick the right temperature.
Stress is always beyond optimal conditions for a plant. You can first test the kinetics of hydrolases or oxidoreductases. Under stress of any kind or even aging or loss of viability (in case of seeds) reduced activities or cli.macteric may be recorded which confirm stress. Brassicas grow in winters so 10 C cannot be stressful.
A stress takes longer to recovery than exposure duration. Thermal tolerance depends on menbrane fragility. A simple leakage tests would indicate if a level was a stress.