I think that the connection to HV transmission line is regulated and only plants of a certain power are eligible. You should verify with the TSO of your country. In general it's more simple and much less expensive to connect in MV/LV.
Each country have differents regulations in this matter. Technically, you must verify the short circuit level at this point, ( for example with ETAP program) and equivalent circuit of the electric system, in order to accomplish with the correct specification for the transfer switch and bus bar. Then you could open the line transmission and incorporate de Substation, and verify sequence/magnitude of voltage, frecuency before sync up. It is more complex that here written in the lines.
All the above comments are relevant. Just to add more, before you add any generator to the system, you need to check the capacity of the lines, thermal limit, short circuit capacity and for control purposes, the damping limit is another important criteria. Another important aspect is that of protection. You cannot just connect a remote plant to your system without properly protecting your generator through relay protection and circuit breakers.
It can as it was mentioned above but it seems the matter is expediency of such a connection.
Transmission of electrical energy with no its transformation to higher voltage may be expedient just in some special cases (very close consumers, local plants of industrial areas etc). Usually rated voltages of generators are less than ones suitable (optimal) for effective transmissions of produced energy to consumers.
The question you need to be asking is why you need a substation? To put it simply, to house a transformer thereby stepping down voltages for the various loads and various protection devices, to act as a collector station, to control power flow to the load in case of faults in the lines and to house compensation devices to improve power factor, limit fault currents, earthing, etc. Your power generation rating should be, as an example, at least above 150 MW to connect to a HV transmission line. If your transmission line is already existing it is very unlikely that it will be able to carry 150 MW of extra power without reaching its thermal limits. Even if it can, how well will you be able to incorporate such protection for which a substation is usually built? From where will the grid operator control the energy flow in case of N-1 faults, or increasing power frequency in the system? Economically and technically it would be smarter to built a substation. Of course the possibilities could be discussed if you were talking about a 5 MW or 10 MW connection to a MV grid.
The issue you ask about is the distributed generation unit. Yes you can by establish grid-connected system at that location. It may connect at medium or low voltage levels.
When Haseeb used the word 'transmission lines', I would assume that it is NOT low-voltage element. Low voltage only applies to distribution system. So, if you want to install a distributed generation, then, you need to have a 'step-up' transformer to make it work with high-voltage transmission line. How low the typical voltage for transmission line in the US? probably 69 kV. Does a DG produce power at 69 kV? I doubt it. So, you need a transformer to connect your DG with the transmission system. I hope this helps clarify things here.
Economics is a good point. I am always interested in that. But Haseeb did not ask whether these options are economics or not. He may have lots of money to connect DG in anyway he likes.... (joking...).
Not sure, it is a practical question or theoretical question.
Usually, it is necessary to install a step-up transformer to equalize the generator voltage level until transmission voltage level. Additionally, it is necessary to verify the thermal limits of the transmission lines, short circuit level and maximun voltage drop of the electric system including new loads that justify the new generator.
Connection to transmission line (grid) depends of rated power of DG. If it is smaller the 20 MW it is not economically to connect it on 110 kV or higher voltage transmission lines.
If the DG capacity is big enough, it should be connected to the higher voltage level connection point because the capacity of distribution system may not be able to handle the power output from that DG (maybe a group of DGs). For example, some large industrial customers with large load are typically connected at sub-transmission level because voltage and power are higher at sub-transmission level than those at the distribution level. So, these factors will play some roles in making decisions on which part of the system that those DGs should connect.