Photoelectric phenomena are used for image contrast enhancement and also for increasing radiation bioeffect at low dose radiotherapy, up to about 200 kVp. High energy radiotherapy, however, is used in the energy ranges of 1 to 16 MV. It was known that nanoparticles are useful in increasing the phenomena at low energy ranges. Also, some nanoparticle bioeffects in high energy ranges were shown, where atomic number of the particle isn't considered for compton phenomena in such a energy range! Which mechanisms are involved in this area?
Dose anybody know?
As mechanisms behind the radiosensitizing effects of nanoparticles, the increased emission of Auger electrons and the increased oxidative stress appear to play major roles in physical dose enhancement and the biological effect enhancement, respectively.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26952844
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26910431
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27730800
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27254247
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