The above question inspired me to the following considerations:

Do consumers always make rational consumer decisions when buying economic goods?

Behavioral economics

In the second half of the twentieth century, new neoclassical trends dominated in the history of economic thought, partly referring to the foundations of classical economics.

However, at the end of the twentieth century and in recent years, various concepts that complement or partly undermine certain assumptions of neoclassical economics are developing dynamically.

These are primarily theories based on conducted studies on behavioral consumer behavior in consumer goods markets, investors and shareholders in the capital markets, entrepreneurs in the markets of capital goods, etc.

These various theories supported by the results of research are in the mainstream of behavioral economics.

However, despite the ongoing development of behavioral economics, neoclassical economics still dominates in academic textbooks dedicated to students of economics.

Neoclassical economics is based on the fundamental assumption that people make rational economic decisions.

Advocates of the neoclassical economics suggest that the theory of neoclassical economics correlates with the key assumptions of psychology regarding rational human behavior.

I agree with this correlation that irrational decisions only apply to situations in which people feel very strong emotions of both negative nature, such as anger, hostility, hatred or positive emotions associated with feeling of love, friendship or belonging to a given social group.

On the other hand, economic decisions are always made rationally according to classical and neoclassical economics.

However, in recent years, on the basis of the development of behavioral economics, there are more and more data and results of research carried out, that unfortunately there are many examples suggesting the irrationality of some economic decisions.

Often, consumers make unnecessary purchases based on an efficiently carried out advertising campaign for products or services.

Perhaps consumers are more and more often susceptible to the impact of effective advertising campaigns, in addition to traditional media, also in new online media, including on social media portals, where viral marketing is widely used.

Often in advertising campaigns, specific products and services are presented as unique, innovative or having such features as opposed to the substitutional offer of competition.

The message that is not always formulated in the advertising campaign is truthful, but some consumers may receive such a message as objective and this translates into an increase in the sale of a specific, effectively advertised assortment.

In addition, there are price promotional campaigns in large-format stores, which also stimulate consumer interest, increase sales.

Pricing promotional campaigns often also increase the purchase of unnecessary goods for consumers or proverbial buying.

A negative aspect of such buying is the subsequent discomfort of spending too much money on this type of shopping, despite the fact that the main activation factor was an effective price promotional campaign.

Often it happens that in the situation of this type of occasional purchases for stock some of the purchased products are thrown away, that is, they end up in the trash.

Especially often such situations happen, if consumers under the influence of emotional susceptibility to marketing content used in an advertising campaign make purchases of food products with a short shelf-life date.

These are typical situations indicating the unnecessary purchases of unnecessary products by consumers.

In such situations, the effectiveness of advertising campaigns can be analyzed in terms of the psychological impact on consumer emotions, so this is the subject matter of the issue described as behavioral economics.

According to classical and neoclassical economics, consumers rarely change their preferences, and if they change it is a very slow process, difficult to diagnose in a short time.

In addition, according to the trend of neoclassical economics, citizens, households and business entities maximize their own profits in the conditions of competitive market structures.

However, the results of experiments and conducted research in the field of behavioral economics have already questioned the fundamental assumptions on which the theory of choice in the neo-classical economy is based.

Why is it so that people do not always make rational economic decisions?

The answer to this is given by behavioral economics, which deals with cognitive errors affecting people's decisions.

These decisions are not always rational and because they concern many shopping situations not always needed products, so they are also of significance for the domestic or even global economy.

The global significance of these not always rational economic decisions arises when the effects of these decisions are analyzed in the context of economic globalization processes.

In addition, the results of research in the field of behavioral economics indicate that consumer preferences may change depending on the context, ie the specificity of a particular situation in which decisions are made.

In addition to the study of consumer behavior on the basis of behavioral economics, there are behaviors of, for example, investors on capital markets who also often do not have full information about the issuer of securities buy or sell shares, bonds and other instruments listed on securities markets under the influence of partly emotions and not just rationally made decisions.

Emotion, which often accompanies decision making about purchasing or selling securities, may have positive acceptance of high risk levels in good times in different markets and as a result of the so-called "sheep's rush", which boils down to buying, because it was previously bought by a friend and neighbor, and earned it.

There may also be irrational decisions on the sale of securities in a situation where it later turns out to be a short-term panic on the capital market.

In the light of the above examples, irrational economic decisions made by citizens and economic entities often conditioned by the psychological factor of positive or negative emotions are more and more numerous.

This raises the question why more and more in recent years we will be able to provide these examples confirming the validity of the development of research in the field of behavioral economics.

Is it because in recent years more and more economists are growing up and seeing research in the field of behavioral economics?

Or rather because in the deregulated financial markets market instability situations are more frequent, markets tend to lose their market equilibrium, financial crises occur more frequently, and the scale of undervaluation and the more revalue of market valuations of certain assets can be more and more pronounced on stock exchanges.

Analogously, the impact of more and more effective advertising campaigns on consumers, advertising campaigns also conducted on social media websites can increase the importance of occasional emotions in the context of decisions to buy specific products or services.

In view of the above, the current question is: Do consumers always make rational consumer decisions when purchasing economic goods?

Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.

What can be interesting research in the field of behavioral economics regarding the issue of new online media?

I propose an analysis of changes in behavioral behavior of consumers, business entities and other participants of individual markets, which can be observed on the basis of the analysis of entries, comments, posts, etc. typed by users of social media portals.

These studies are carried out as part of the sentiment analysis on data downloaded from the Internet and collected in Big Data database systems.

What is more interesting is the Business Intelligence type of analysis carried out in business entities using specialized software. The development of analytical platforms operating in the Business Intelligence formula automates and objectivises economic, financial and technical-economic analyzes regarding the functioning of business entities.

The problems of the analysis of information contained on social media portals for marketing purposes are described in the publication:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322241537_THE_QUESTION_OF_THE_SECURITY_OF_FACILITATING_COLLECTING_AND_PROCESSING_INFORMATION_IN_DATA_BASES_OF_SOCIAL_NETWORKING

The issues of the use of information contained in Big Data database systems for the purposes of conducting Business Intelligence analyzes are described in the publications:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323244120_The_Big_Data_technologies_as_an_important_factor_of_electronic_data_processing_and_the_development_of_computerized_analytical_platforms_Business_Intelligence

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327035102_The_Technological_Solutions_Big_Data_and_the_Importance_of_Business_Analysis_According_to_the_Business_Intelligence_Formula

Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.

Behavioral economics and the cyclically changing situation on the securities markets?

By analogy, the question may be asked how behavioral economics can be used to study investor behavior in capital markets, including securities markets? How is it that in these markets every several or a dozen or so years, there is a high re-evaluation of the valuation of financial instruments, assets, including company shares? What is the issue of the effect of the sheep's rush, which to some extent is often inspired by the appropriately constructed, liberalized offer of products and services of financial institutions? Besides, how does it fit into the issue of the cyclical cyclical nature of economic processes, ie the volatility of economic growth of entire national economies in the long-term perspective? In addition, the issue of the various state intervention instruments applied by national governments is also important, some of which also act on consumer behavior of small investors and shareholders.

In view of the above, I would like to ask you: Behavioral economics and the cyclically changing situation on the securities markets?

Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion

Is the importance of the psychology of financial markets and behavioral economics in the securities markets falling after the global financial crisis?

Are the investors operating in securities markets more cautious in making investment decisions after the global financial crisis, or are they more thoroughly analyzing the investment risk of investing in capital markets?

Has any of you conducted research aimed at identifying possible changes in the significance of the psychology of financial markets and behavioral economics in the capital markets, including securities markets after the global financial crisis of 2008?

If research shows that the importance of the psychology of financial markets and behavioral economics on the capital markets is decreasing, what is it mainly determined?

Is this the result of post-crisis higher awareness of investment risk among investors, or also changes in the structure of dominant segments of investors operating on capital markets, or is it also the result of the increase in the number of transactions conducted by computerized transaction systems?

Please reply. I invite you to the discussion

Dear Colleagues and Friends from RG,

In view of the above, it is also important to include in the above discussion also the following issue:

Development of research in the field of economics and behavioral finance.

In my opinion, research on behavioral economics and behavioral finance has been growing in recent years. This may be related to the development of ICT and Industry 4.0, which technology and marketing companies use to analyze consumer behavior, changes in purchasing profiles and factors affecting these changes, and to use information on consumer behavior in marketing activities. On the other hand, the importance of analyzing changes in the behavior of potential consumers conducted by or on behalf of producers of specific products and services is growing. In addition, research on the psychology of financial markets has been conducted for many years, i.e. changes in market valuation trends for securities and other financial instruments valued on stock exchanges and other capital markets. Changes in these trends may be caused by the influence of psychological factors in investment decision making processes, primarily by small investors. I have developed these issues below.

In the second half of the 20th century, new neoclassical trends dominated in the history of economic thought, partly referring to the foundations of classical economics.

However, at the end of the 20th century and in recent years, various concepts have been developing particularly dynamically, supplementing or partially undermining some of the assumptions of neoclassical economics. These are primarily theories based on conducted research on behavioral consumer behavior in consumer goods markets, investors and shareholders in capital markets, entrepreneurs in capital goods markets, etc. These various theories supported by the results of research are within the mainstream of behavioral economics.

However, despite the ongoing development of behavioral economics, neoclassical economics still dominates in academic textbooks dedicated to economics students.

Neoclassical economics is based on the fundamental premise that people make rational economic decisions. Proponents of the neoclassical economics trend suggest that the theory of neoclassical economics correlates with the key assumptions of psychology regarding rational human behavior. According to this correlation, irrational decisions only apply to situations in which people experience very strong emotions, both of a negative nature, such as anger, hostility, hatred or positive emotions related to the feeling of love, friendship or belonging to a given social group.

However, economic decisions are always made rationally according to classical and neoclassical economics.

However, in recent years, on the basis of the development of behavioral economics, more and more data and research results appear that, unfortunately, there are many examples suggesting the irrationality of some economic decisions. Often, consumers make unnecessary purchases based on efficiently and effectively conducted advertising campaign for products or services. Perhaps consumers are more and more often susceptible to the impact of effective advertising campaigns, conducted in addition to traditional media also in new online media, including social media portals, on which viral marketing is commonly used. Often in advertising campaigns specific products and services are presented as unique, innovative or having such features as opposed to the substitution offer of competitors. Not always the message formulated in an advertising campaign is true, but some consumers may perceive this message as objective and this translates into an increase in sales of a specific, effectively advertised range.

In addition, there are price promotional campaigns in large-format stores, which also activate consumer interest and increase sales.

Promotional price campaigns often also cause an increase in the purchase of goods that are unnecessary for consumers or the proverbial buying for stores. The negative aspect of such buying is the later discomfort of spending too much money on this type of shopping, despite the fact that the main activating factor was an effective promotional price campaign.

It also often happens that in the situation of this type of occasional shopping in stock, some of the purchased products are thrown away, i.e. they end up in the trash. Especially often, these situations occur if consumers, under the influence of emotional susceptibility to marketing content used in the advertising campaign, make purchases for a supply of food products with a short shelf life. These are typical situations indicating the frequent purchases of unnecessary products made by consumers. In such situations, the effectiveness of advertising campaigns can be analyzed in terms of the psychological impact on consumer emotions, so this is the subject of what is termed behavioral economics.

According to classical and neoclassical economics, consumers rarely change their preferences, and if they change it is a very slow process, difficult to diagnose in a short time. In addition, according to the current of neoclassical economics, citizens, households and economic entities maximize their own profits in conditions of competitive market structures. However, the results of experiments and research conducted in the field of behavioral economics have already questioned the fundamental assumptions on which the theory of choice in neoclassical economics is based. Why is it that people don't always make rational economic decisions?

The answer to this is given by behavioral economics, which deals with cognitive errors affecting people's decisions. These decisions are not always rational and because they relate to many purchasing situations, not always needed products, so they are also relevant for the national or even global economy.

The global significance of these not always rational economic decisions appears when the effects of these decisions are analyzed in the context of economic globalization processes.

In addition, the results of research in the field of behavioral economics indicate that consumer preferences may vary depending on the context, i.e. the specificity of the specific situation in which the decision is made.

In addition to researching consumer behavior in behavioral economics, there are also behaviors of e.g. investors in capital markets, who also often do not have complete information about the issuer of securities, buy or sell shares, bonds and other instruments listed on securities markets under the influence of partly emotions and not just rational decisions. Emotions, which often accompany the decision to buy or sell securities, can have the character of positive acceptance of high levels of risk in the event of prosperity in various markets and as a result of the so-called "sheep's rush", which comes down to making a purchase because because earlier this type of purchase was made by a friend, neighbor and made a profit. There may also be irrational decisions to sell securities in a situation as it turns out later on a short-lived panic on the capital market.

In the light of the above examples, there are more and more irrational economic decisions made by citizens and business entities, often conditioned by the advantage of the psychological factor of positive or negative emotions. So the question arises why more and more in recent years we see these examples confirming the legitimacy of the development of research in the field of behavioral economics. Is it because in recent years more and more economists are seeing and conducting research in the field of behavioral economics? Or rather, because in deregulated financial markets there are more frequent situations of market instability, more often markets lose their market equilibrium, financial crises occur more often, and the scale of undervaluation and the more overvalued market valuations of specific assets can be ever greater. Similarly, the impact of increasingly effective advertising campaigns on consumers, and advertising campaigns also run on online social media sites can increase the importance of occasional emotions in the context of decisions to buy specific products or services.

In view of the above, I propose the following research topics in the field of behavioral finance operating on securities markets:

Analysis of the correlation of changes in the market valuation of securities on the stock exchange with the economic and financial situation of the issuer's company and with external factors such as:

- changes in central banking interest rates and deposit investment instruments offered by commercial banks,

- changes in the level of income of individual stock market investors,

- business cycle in the economy and in the sector in which the company operates the issuer of securities,

- the growing importance of technical analysis in relation to fundamental analysis in a situation when the share of stock market investors using computer programs used for technical analysis increases,

- the growing importance of stock exchange transactions concluded by computerized transaction systems working on behalf of investment banks, concluding transactions lasting a short period of time, sometimes a few seconds or a part of a second, but for large amounts of financial resources,

- advertising and image campaigns run by the stock exchange, brokerage houses and individual companies of the issuers on the occasion of the public offering of a new issue of corporate shares or bonds or in other situations,

- a change in the state's economic policy, a change in the tax system regarding investment in securities, e.g. by introducing or reducing capital gains tax,

- change in investor relations of foreign stock exchange investors with domestic investors in connection with the activities of internationally operating rating agencies, funds and investment banks.

In connection with the above, I formulated the following research question:

Behavioral economics and interventionist monetary policy and the cyclically changing situation on the securities markets?

How can behavioral economics be used to study investor behavior on capital markets, including securities markets?

How does it happen that in these markets there is a high reevaluation of the valuation of financial instruments, assets, including company shares, every few or several years? What contribution does the sheep's momentum effect have to some extent, which to some extent is often inspired by the appropriately constructed, liberalized offer of products and services of financial institutions? In addition, how does it fit into the issue of the cyclical cyclical nature of economic processes, i.e. the variability of economic growth of entire national economies on a multiannual basis? In addition, the issue of the various instruments of state intervention used by the governments of individual countries is also important, some of which also act on the consumer behavior of small investors and shareholders.

Considering anti-crisis, countercyclical, interventionist monetary policies based on low interest rates and central banks' buying programs of assets lost from commercial banks, it is reasonable to study the potentially high-scale state intervention in financial markets. In connection with the liberalization of the functioning of capital markets since the 1970s and the emerging financial crises, the scale of active, interventionist monetary policy of central banking towards the banking sector, but also indirectly towards capital markets, including securities markets, is growing. In view of the above, capital markets, including securities markets, which are deregulated and indirectly subject to potentially countercyclical state intervention, are increasingly losing balance, falling into extreme situations of market reevaluation and undervaluation of securities and, as a consequence, systemic investment risk, credit etc., and increasingly appearing financial crises.

Suggestion of another research problem for analysis:

What might be interesting behavioral economics studies about new online media issues?

In this area, I suggest analyzing changes in behavioral behavior of consumers, business entities and other participants of individual markets, which can be observed on the basis of analysis of entries, comments, posts, etc. entered by users of social media portals. These studies are carried out as part of sentiment analysis of data downloaded from the Internet and collected in Big Data database systems. In addition, Business Intelligence analytics carried out in business entities using specialized software are interesting. The development of analytical platforms operating in the Business Intelligence formula automates and objectifies the economic and financial as well as technical and economic analyzes regarding the functioning of economic entities.

Another issue that relates to consumer behavior and may affect consumer behavior is the impact of social media portals on changing people's behavior and the use of these portals by online businesses in marketing activities. Therefore, the following research question arises:

How can the use of social media portals change people's social behavior, what new opportunities and new risks it generates?

Social media can affect the personal lives of individuals. People's sociological behavior is changing. Some people exchange traditional contacts with other people for contacts via social media portals. It changes the sociology of people's behavior, it affects sociological behaviorism, it generates new types of problems that also apply to behavioral economics and the behavior of entire communities. In addition, the risk of losing personal data that can be stolen from social media portals should be added. This risk also shapes the potential discomfort of using social media portals if it turns out that some part of your personal data has been mistakenly made public or stolen by cyber criminals. Unfortunately, contrary to the assurances of companies operating social media portals, the information contained on these portals is not always fully secured and can be stolen by cyber criminals. In addition, the issue of downloading data from social media portals by many companies to Big Data database systems should be added for processing for marketing purposes. The issue of privacy in social media is very important and involves the security of personal information. Privacy is at risk as regards information posted on social media portals.

In my opinion, the answer to this question can be sought by examining the behavioral, social, informational activity of users of social media portals.

Users of social media portals provide specific information to their friends or publicly on the pages of specific social media portals and in comments written on other sites. In this way, social communication develops, which significantly complements and displaces the classic mass information media. On the other hand, comments written by users of social media portals are a valuable source of information for marketing companies that analyze these comments and develop analytical reports on behalf of other companies interested in Internet users' opinions related to e.g. brand recognition, product, mission of a given company.

In connection with the above, I also formulated the following research question:

What is the impact of technology companies producing technology products on consumer purchasing preferences?

The largest impact on consumer spending, consumer purchases, market behavioral behavior of consumers purchasing technology products generate, inspire through advertising campaigns, public relations, sponsored articles, etc. technology companies that produce these technology products and set new standards, develop new technologies, shape new tastes , preferences, interests, consumer fashion. Large corporations that dominate certain technology products markets allocate a significant portion of their financial surplus to development goals, including the creation of new technologies, new types of technology products, new technical standards, and allocate large funds to advertising campaigns to inform consumers about new types of products, gadgets technological and thus influencing, shaping consumer preferences.

Customer service in financial services is another issue where the psychology of consumer behavior and financial services is important. Therefore, the question still remains: Will the social and psychological aspects of interpersonal contacts and customer needs in this matter be a barrier to the creation of fully automated electronic banks without staff? Will one of the products of the Industry 4.0 technology be the creation of fully automated electronic banks without staff? Theoretically, this may be possible, but do bank customers expect it? At the end of the twentieth century, publications appeared which confirmed this type of thesis and suggested that the development of banking is moving in this direction, i.e. towards full automation and electronicisation, and remote servicing of clients of financial institutions via the Internet. However, at the beginning of the 21st century, the situation changes. Despite the development of artificial intelligence, Intenet stuff, etc. and the use of new information technologies, e.g. for the needs of creating automated electronic advisers, electronic avatars simulating an employee of a bank or other financial institution providing advice to a customer served via a website, however, some of the bank's customers do not want to part with a consultant in a person and not a machine. Accordingly, will the social and psychological aspects of interpersonal contacts and the clients' needs in this matter be a barrier to the creation of fully automated electronic banks without staff?

Emotional intelligence is indirectly related to logical intelligence. Two hemispheres of the brain are responsible for these two types of intelligence. However, they are partly interrelated and psychologically, biologically and behaviorally correlated. Both types of intelligence can be developed in humans at a higher or lower level, depending on the development of the cerebral cortex and its use in everyday life, in professional, artistic activity, etc.

As part of emotional intelligence, various types of emotions develop in humans, primarily during childhood and adolescence. Emotions commonly recognized as positive and negative develop. However, which emotions develop to a greater extent depends on many factors, from family upbringing, from a closer and further environment, from the environment in which a person grew up. What kinds of emotions have been developed to a greater extent and what values ??have been instilled will be crucial for the further development and future achievements of a young person.

Do you agree with me on the above matter?

I conduct research in this area. The conclusions of the research I published in scientific publications that are available on the Research Gate website.

In view of the above, I am asking you the following questions:

- Do consumers always make rational consumer decisions when buying economic goods?

- Behavioral economics and interventionist monetary policy and the cyclically changing situation on the securities markets?

- What is the impact of technology companies producing technology products on consumer purchasing preferences?

- How can the use of social media portals change people's social behavior, what new opportunities and new risks it generates?

- What could be interesting research in behavioral economics about new online media?

- What are currently interesting research topics in the field of behavioral finance operating on the securities markets?

- Is capital behavioral psychology of stock market investor behavior still important?

- After the global financial crisis of 2008, is the capital behavioral psychology of the behavior of investors operating on these markets still important in capital markets?

- Are the determinants of investor behavioral factors still strong in recent years on the largest stock exchanges in the world, including the psychology of financial markets in the interpretation of changes in stock market trends in these markets?

- Is the importance of psychology of financial markets and behavioral economics in securities markets decreasing after the global financial crisis?

- After the global financial crisis, are investors operating in the securities markets more cautious in making investment decisions, or do they more thoroughly analyze the investment risk of investing in capital markets?

- Did any of you conduct research aimed at determining possible changes in the significance of financial market psychology and behavioral economics in capital markets, including securities markets, after the global financial crisis of 2008?

- If research shows that the importance of financial market psychology and behavioral economics on capital markets is decreasing, what is this mainly determined by?

- Is it the result of post-crisis greater awareness of investment risk among investors, or also a change in the structure of the dominant segments of investors operating on capital markets, or is it also the result of an increase in the number of transactions carried out by computerized transaction systems?

- How can one measure the level and importance of emotions of investors operating on the stock exchange market?

- How can the level and importance of financial market psychology be measured on the stock market situation?

- How to measure the level of positive emotions (euphoria of investing during a bull market) and / or negative (fear and panic of sales in the event of a collapse of the stock market, in a bear market) of individual investors?

- What are the tools and measures that objectively measure the level of emotions among individual investors operating on the stock exchange market?

- Is the issue of financial market psychology important when conducting technical analyzes of securities valuation?

- What kind of information in the field of psychology of financial markets are in your opinion the most important, which should be taken into account when conducting technical analyzes of the development of valuations of securities listed on the stock exchange in order to achieve the best results from investment activities?

- Will the social and psychological aspects of interpersonal contacts and customer needs in this matter be a barrier to the creation of fully automated electronic banks without staff?

- What do you think about this topic?

- What is your opinion on this topic?

Please reply.

I invite you to discussion and scientific cooperation.

Thank you very much.

Best wishes.

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dariusz Prokopowicz initially, the new financial theory suggested that investors psychology have the great impact on securities prices. Investors biases and behavioral pricing models focus on how to deal with such matters in real world. Therefore, we can be conclude that future works could be take in consideration the role of behavioral economics.

I encourage you to discuss the current dominant formulas of monetary policy of central banks, using the following quote: "Money is not an invention of the State, it is not a product of a legislative act, it does not need a sanction of political power to exist." Carl Menger

How can the above quote be interpreted in the context of the currently dominant monetary policies of central banks? Can the above quote be treated as an inspiration for an interesting discussion on current dominant formulas of monetary policy of central banks? What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this topic?

Please reply.

I invite you to discussion.

Thank you very much for participating in the discussion.

Best wishes.

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear Mohammed Faez Hasan, Thank you for the proposed interesting issues in the field Behavioral economics and interventionist monetary policy and the cyclically changing situation in the securities markets? Thank you very much for the sent suggestions of interesting topics, research issues, etc. related to this issue. Best wishes,

Have a nice day,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

When the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic appeared in March 2020, the scale of investor behavior on capital markets, stock exchanges and commodity exchanges increased. Then there was a stock market crash, a strong sell-off of assets on these exchanges. Therefore, central banks cut interest rates to limit the scale of fear of a deep recession, to limit the scale of panic among investors operating in these markets, and to limit the scale of stock market crashes. The swift action of central banking has worked effectively in this regard. Before central banks cut interest rates, during the first trading sessions, when the stock market crashed, the authorities of some stock exchanges also considered suspending trading on these markets for a few days. However, this facility was not used as the significant cut in interest rates halted the stock market crash and the rapid decline in stock market valuations.

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz