"To avoid initiating the charging process at a discharged battery voltage that may be considerably below the arrays maximum power point voltage, using a Maximum Power Point Tracker purports to resolve this mismatch. However, when the batteries are fully charged, and generation levels from the solar array primary source exceed load demands, operating at the MPPT becomes infeasible due to power balance constraints. This is disadvantageous because it requires that the MPPT tracker shift away from the maximum power point, which compromises the implementation of the MPPT algorithm. The benefits of using independent switch mode DC-DC converters now become apparent since decoupled objectives would allow for the maximum power point control loop to subsist independently of what is required from the battery charging control loop"