I was wondering at which layer the beacons are sent in VANET?
Usually vehicles broadcast their cooperative awareness messages aka beacons that contain current speed, location, time, heading, and so forth to the neighbor vehicles. Can these messages be implemented as application layer messages?
I need to work with the header information. More precisely I need to manipulate the header information (probably TCP or IP header) and use the offset information for my own purposes.
@Hamza Kheddar: Thank you so much for your reply. I have read the paper, but it does not say anything about the layer where beacons are generated. To this end, I am assuming that the data comes from application layer all the way to the physical layer.
Beacons serve principally for neighborhood discovery, which is a link layer service.
@Taimur Abbas: Thank you for your reply. Isn't the information in beacon message coming from the application layer? Is it wrong to say that the information in the beacon comes all the way from individual source such as GPS, speedometer, and so forth?
@Doukha Zouina: Thank you for your reply. The same argument as above.
If you look at the protocol stack for DSRC communication, you can see at the top SAE J2735 message set dictionary standard. It defines the message format of basic safety messages (BSM) aka beacons. Therefore, you can consider it as part of the application layer. However, the information within these beacons is gathered from different layers. You probably need to check this paper "Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) Standards in the United States" for more information.
Another concern is that, Beacon data is UDP traffic or TCP? More likely it should be UDP right?
since data is broadcast, no delivery ensurance. Broadcast is not reliable.
may be you can check my paper 1 gsm paper and 2.authentication paper .it
will help you dear
beacon message used wireless short message (WSM) , it not used ip packet. MAC layer is responsible for broadcast. and the reason for using broadcasting mechanism because it don not require managing routing and maintaing topology and address resolution. where these are challenging in VANET because of its high dynamic toplolgy
In VANETs the challenge is in the effective management of the environment and therefore the access control available channels.
In this sense, the MAC and LLC layers become important as their performance will affect the upper layers.
I understand that the network and transport layers are of your interest so I invite you to Model delays and queue models in the lower layers to relate its effect on the upper layers.
The approach in VANETs is simply listen before talk, which is based on MAC layer.
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