Are there specific biochemical tests designed to analyze the ADMET properties of compounds, providing insights into their Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity?
The Caco-2 cell assay is used as a measurement of cell membrane permeability as well as exclusion by multidrug efflux (primarily by P-glycoprotein/MDR1/ABCB1).
MDCK cells are also used to test for whether a substance is subject to efflux by multidrug transporters.
To test for metabolism, you could use primary hepatocytes, liver microsomes, or microsomes expressing individual cytochromes.
For cytotoxicity, you could use any of several cell lines with various assays for toxicity, such as release of cytoplasmic ATP or the MTT assay.
It is also possible to do tests for transport by various efflux transporters found in the kidney.
These are all preliminary tests that can help you select which compound(s) will ultimately be tested in vivo.
There are certain in silico tools that provides an idea, however, being pharmacokinetic profiles, the most authentic is in vivo studies. There are, however, in vitro tests for testing mutagenic potential (such as Ames test, and others) and testing metabolism using S9 liver fraction. But I would again suggest to check in vivo for complete ADMET.
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