yes that Are the recent studies on roadway crash causes. But have to know the dependency of the specific environmental causes of road (traffic) accidents

Mahmood Aljumaili, thanks for your response but could you please elaborate more? Or share some recent studies that you are aware of?

Thank you

The road environment is very forgiving. A problem with those old studies is that, as we learned more, we realized that most crashes involve a sequence of minor deficiencies/errors/failures that keep the system from forgiving a larger error. So classifying in one bucket is hard. The driver had been drinking but, although below the legal limit, had slowed reaction time; the road was wet and a bit slippery; the center line was faded; the curve was too sharp; the car needed brakes; and the car did not have airbags. The coder gets to choose which box to put the crash in. John Treat did a great job, but he rarely blamed the vehicle despite huge changes in vehicle safety and crash resistance standards that came later. He looked at vehicle defect, not the potential for vehicle redesign.

Here is a RG link to some of Jim McKnight's early-1990s work on the issue (look at his references to his related studies too) based on 1000 crashes in California. Article The Behavioral Contributors to Highway Crashes of Youthful Drivers.

John Treat is an engineer who subsequently became a lawyer working for the auto industry, while Jim was a behavioral scientist. It flavored their judgement about which box to check for cause. Online you can find links to the US motorcycle crash causation study and the large truck crash causation study. In AAAM proceedings, David Viano of General Motors has a paper from the late 1990s that looks at 100 fatal crashes and concludes virtually none belonged in the vehicle box - but I'd note that some of those crashes would have been survivable with current side airbags, etc.

So remember, it's all judgement. Every crash in 1980 resulted because the vehicle and all other vehicles on the road were not fully automated or at least equipped with crash avoidance technology. But that doesn't mean we knew how to do that.

Dear Ted R Miller, thanks for your very detailed response and sharing some more recent studies especially looking at crashes from different perspective.

So, based on your last paragraph, the fully automated vehicles will lead "really" to zero crashes?