Solar cell of various types, Wind generators, Geo-thermal energy, Generators utilizing water energy, Bio-chemical generation, chemical generation, Transformation of mechanical energy in electricity by magnetic field interaction with metal wires, chemical acomulation of heat energy etc.-there ara many new and not so new kind of energy generation. Some time new feature is connected with improved efficiency, next time-improved life-time etc.
Everyone is looking for new ways of harnessing energy available for free. Our Sun being the main source of energy, people are trying to extract energy directly from incoming radiation, rather than going for other sources which either directly or indirectly store the same solar energy in different forms.
1.Solar Cells and Fresnel Lens
Although solar panels made with photo-voltaic cells are becoming more popular these days, along with the green energy initiative, it's still not adequate enough to satisfy our day to day electricity consumption. The most efficient a photo-voltaic cell can be made is not more than 20%.
In recent years research has been happening in the use of 'Fresnel Lens' to concentrate light onto the conventional photo-voltaic cell, and almost double the output.
But the main disadvantage of doing so is that the cell gets much hotter much faster as against without the lens. As such commercial grade photo-voltaic cells nay even burn.
One way to get around this is to use cooling methods, like water cooling, we can also get hot water as a result. However, due to the 'quality' and 'reliability' of commercial grade solar cells, with operating temperature not more than around 55 degree celsius and also the efficiency of the cell reduces with increase in temperature, this technology is not gained a lot of popularity.
This can be over come with the use of higher grade silicon-carbide technology for photo-voltaic cells, like the , materials used in automation grade - aerospace grade - military grade technologies, which can with stand temperature ranges of around -50 to +150 degree celsius; and also using water cooling methods, since many families already use solar water heaters, solar panels with Fresnel lens can be made a realistic common use power source, at-least to power our low power consuming technology like mobile phones, laptops, led lights, etc.
Using a silicon solar cell coated with cheap and abundant catalysts, the device uses sunlight to rip apart molecules of water, just like a photosynthesizing leaf. This produces hydrogen and oxygen gases, which bubble up on either side of the wafer. Here again, its silicon technology. A more clean way of getting hydrogen, a more contained power source from which energy may be extracted later in time.
Seems to be a promising way of extracting hydrogen from water, since there is no need of a large setup, no wires, etc. This technology can be made very portable and user friendly.
But one disadvantage that seems to hinder the growth of this technology is that cost savings in this method seems disappointing.
It is not commercially efficient enough, converting only about 2.5% of the energy it gets from sunlight into chemical bonds (although its still an improvement on plant leaves, which average 1%).
These days people are trying to avoid silicon altogether, in favour of solar cells made from other kinds of semiconductors, or perhaps organic materials.
But personally I feel that we've not completely matured enough in silicon based technology to just 'leave' research in this field of power technology, and we might be searching for ways of using silicon technology for harnessing power. It'll be quite a few years before we find/develop a new material altogether, let alone replace silicon technology altogether with a new material.
I hope I've given a satisfactory answer to your question.
Fuel cells are important electrisity producer due to difficulties in chemical cells development. There need attention on quantum point use in future solar cells-on surface for modification of incoming light or in active layer. Plasmonic resonances on surface of active phoyovoltaic layers are also important.
Power generation by using dilute sulfuric acid acid or any other acid as an electrolyte and introducing two electrodes(Iron) in the electrolyte makes one electrode to be positive and the other electrode to be negative and thus power can be generated and make a bulb glow. Also, by using waste vegetables in the electrodes we can generate power on a small scale.
Solar cell of various types, Wind generators, Geo-thermal energy, Generators utilizing water energy, Bio-chemical generation, chemical generation, Transformation of mechanical energy in electricity by magnetic field interaction with metal wires, chemical acomulation of heat energy etc.-there ara many new and not so new kind of energy generation. Some time new feature is connected with improved efficiency, next time-improved life-time etc.
Can we produce/manufacture energy at very high speed cutting with high intesity of light under electromagnetic spectrum level.Because the light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum, but photons do not have any electrical charge, and so are unaffected by magnetic fields. Further, is it possible to induce only charges in it.
Properties of Electromagnetic Waves: Based on his mathematical theory of
electromagnetism, Maxwell was able to determine several important properties of this predicted
"electromagnetic wave":
(1) The most general form of this wave would have both the electric field and the
magnetic field oscillating in a regular pattern. The fields would reach a maximum magnitude,
would then decrease in magnitude until they momentarily disappeared, and then they would
reappear pointing in the opposite direction as their magnitude gradually increased. Then, the
whole process would repeat.
(2) The electric field would always point perpendicular to the magnetic field.
(3) The electric and magnetic fields would vary "in phase," which is to say that they
would reach maximum and minimum values at the same moment as each other.
(4) The frequency of oscillation of the electric and magnetic fields could be any value;
that is, it seemed that electromagnetic waves of any frequency should be possible.
(5) The direction in which the wave would travel (called the direction of "propagation")
would always be perpendicular to both the electric and the magnetic field.
(6) The electromagnetic ("e-m") waves would carry energy, and so could transport
energy from the source that produced the waves to some other point very far distant from the
original source.
for details read:http://www.public.iastate.edu/~lhodges/112/Topic-6.pdf
Well, I don't really know much about what you mentioned but if you want a radical answer then in order to solve the energy problems of the world you require an ability to extract energy from the quantum vacuum, so called zero-point energy.
The main reason for eletricity generation is ionization i.e. libaration / motion of electrons. How come in some electric fish and insect things are giving light?
For the first question, thermoelectrics are an interesting way to produce electrical power from a temperature difference.
For the fish and insect question, chemi-luminescence and bioluminescence are fairly well understood. By combining two chemicals an electron can be excited to a higher energy state, after some lifetime the electron de-excites emitting a photon. So no ionization needs to occur. This is also true of phosphors excited by light, the electron isn't ionized, just excited to a higher state.
Energy is conserved. So, energy is coveted from a form to an other form. There are different energy forms that can be converted into electricity.
So, chemical energy is converted to electricity in electrochemical batteries.
The thermal energy can be converted into electricity using combination of thermodynamic machines with electric generators. The thermal energy has many sources with the major source the fossil fuels, the nuclear fuels , geoheat, wood, coal, and solar radiation.
There is also the solar radiation which can be directly converted into electricity by solar cells. This conversion is called photovoltaic effect.
There is potential energy that can be converted to electricity such as water falls in hydro power. There is also the kinetic energy which can be converted to electricity by driving the electric generators such as wind.
There is also direct energy conversion from thermal to electricity using Seebeck devices.